Fig. 1.

ZIC5 expression in PDAC, CCA, and normal human tissues. (A) RNA sequence values of ZIC5 expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (left; PDAC) and cholangiocarcinoma (right; CCA) tissues, as well as in relevant non-tumor tissues, were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Statistical comparisons between disease and normal tissues (for each disease) were performed using the two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test. (B) The relationship between ZIC5 expression and survival was determined and plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method. The overall survival rates for patients with or without detectable ZIC5 expression are plotted as red and blue lines, respectively. (C) RNA-Seq values of ZIC5 expression in normal human adult tissues were obtained from The Protein Atlas database. (D) ZIC5 expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR with cDNA samples from normal human tissues and from AsPC-1, PANC-1, MiaPaca-2 (PDAC), and RBE (CCA) cell lines. The values were normalized to the expression (in the respective samples) of the housekeeping gene GAPDH. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)