Table 1.
Patient demographics and clinical characteristics
| Category | Insomnia Treated Patients | Matched Control Cohort | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Post-Matching | ||||
| N | % | N | % | |
| Total | 1,699,913 | 100.0% | 1,699,913 | 100.0% |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1,017,413 | 59.9% | 1,017,413 | 59.9% |
| Age at Index | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 75.4 (6.8) | 75.4 (6.8) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 74.0 (70.0—80.0) | 74.0 (70.0—80.0) | ||
| Min (Max) | 65 (111) | 65 (111) | ||
| Duration of Post-Index Enrollment (months) | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 40.6 (17.3) | 44.1 (17.0) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 40.2 (25.1—57.2) | 46. (29.4—59.1) | ||
| Min (Max) | 1 (72) | 0 (72) | ||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 1.7 (2.5) | 0.7 (1.5) | ||
| Median (IQR) | 1 (0 – 3) | 0 (0 – 1) | ||
| Min (Max) | 0 (24) | 0 (20) | ||
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Depression | 296,097 | 17.4% | 56,258 | 3.3% |
| Osteoporosis | 280,462 | 16.5% | 178,721 | 10.5% |
| Traumatic brain injury | 62,318 | 3.7% | 16,672 | 1.0% |
| Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia | 144,834 | 8.5% | 31,812 | 1.9% |
| Chronic pain | 108,468 | 6.4% | 19,222 | 1.1% |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 113,161 | 6.7% | 0 | 0.0% |
| Index Treatment | ||||
| Benzodiazepines | 494,655 | 29.1% | ||
| Trazodone | 581,117 | 34.2% | ||
| Zolpidem ER | 8,196 | 0.5% | ||
| Zolpidem IR | 615,945 | 36.2% | ||
Abbreviations: ER Extended release, IQR Interquartile range, IR Immediate release, Max Maximum, Min Minimum, SD Standard deviation