Table 3.
All cause costs in the insomnia treated and matched control cohorts
| Category | Overall Patient | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | Estimated Mean | Estimated Mean Ratio with 95% CI | P-valuea | |
| Total Cost (PPPM) | ||||
| Treated Patients | 1,699,913 (100.0%) | $967 | 2.13 (2.12, 2.13) | < .001 |
| Matched Control Cohort | 1,603,929 (94.4%) | $455 | ||
| Medical Cost (PPPM) | ||||
| Inpatient Costs | ||||
| All patients | ||||
| Treated Patients | 315,679 (18.6%) | $1,912 | 1.25 (1.24, 1.26) | < .001 |
| Matched Control Cohort | 83,826 (4.9%) | $1,529 | ||
| Patients with no fallb or MVA eventsc | ||||
| Treated Patients | 226,035 (13.3%) | $1,761 | 1.21 (1.20, 1.22) | < .001 |
| Matched Control Cohort | 66,618 (3.9%) | $1,454 | ||
| Patients with 1 + fallb | ||||
| Treated Patients | 87,298 (5.1%) | $2,343 | 1.27 (1.25, 1.29) | < .001 |
| Matched Control Cohort | 16,602 (1.0%) | $1,848 | ||
| ED Costs | ||||
| All patients | ||||
| Treated Patients | 374,441 (22.0%) | $134 | 1.39 (1.38, 1.39) | < .001 |
| Matched Control Cohort | 146,947 (8.6%) | $97 | ||
| Patients with no fallb or MVA eventsc | ||||
| Treated Patients | 256,246 (15.1%) | $125 | 1.32 (1.31, 1.33) | < .001 |
| Matched Control Cohort | 111,059 (6.5%) | $94 | ||
| Patients with 1 + fallb | ||||
| Treated Patients | 113,905 (6.7%) | $158 | 1.49 (1.47, 1.50) | < .001 |
| Matched Control Cohort | 34,016 (2.0%) | $106 | ||
| Outpatient Costs | ||||
| All patients | ||||
| Treated Patients | 868,655 (51.1%) | $292 | 1.82 (1.81, 1.83) | < .001 |
| Matched Control Cohort | 595,020 (35.0%) | $161 | ||
| Patients with no fallb or MVA eventsc | ||||
| Treated Patients | 727,581 (42.8%) | $279 | 1.81 (1.80, 1.82) | < .001 |
| Matched Control Cohort | 552,413 (32.5%) | $154 | ||
| Patients with 1 + fallb | ||||
| Treated Patients | 136,150 (8.0%) | $380 | 1.51 (1.49, 1.54) | < .001 |
| Matched Control Cohort | 40,523 (2.4%) | $251 | ||
Abbreviations: CI Confidence interval, PPPM Per patient per month, MVA Motor vehicle accident
aHealthcare costs estimated using a generalized linear model with a Gamma distribution and log link function while adjusting for age, sex, race, geographic region and Charlson Comorbidity Index score. Empty cells represent values not available for analysis. OR adjusted model is not feasible, due to the small sample size. Patients with 1 + MVA, or 1 + fall and MVA, represented a negligible population and were excluded as motor vehicle insurance may have covered healthcare costs
b “Fall events” were defined as receipt of ≥ 1 diagnostic code for falls, hip fractures, or traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), regardless of claim position or point of service. See methods for additional details
c “MVA events” were defined as receipt of ≥ 1 diagnostic code for a MVA. See methods for additional details