Table 1.
Lesioned area, symptoms and seizures reported in case studies with claustrum lesions
| Hemispheric distribution | Bilateral | 22 |
| Unilateral (Right/Left/Undefined) | 16 (9/5/2) | |
|---|---|---|
| Extent of lesion | Claustrum only | 7 |
| External capsule | 14 | |
| Insula | 12 | |
| Hippocampus | 9 | |
| Other cortices | 17 | |
| Other subcortices | 22 | |
| Signs and symptoms | Cognitive, perceptual and motor abilities | |
| Cognitive impairment | 19 (50%) | |
| Motor disturbance | 17 (45%) | |
| Visual disturbances | 9 (24%) | |
| Speech disturbances | 8 (21%) | |
| Auditory disturbances | 6 (16%) | |
| Tremor | 5 (13%) | |
| Paraesthesia | 5 (13%) | |
| Electrical activity disturbance | ||
| Seizures | 18 (47%) | |
| Non-seizure EEG abnormalities | 8 (21%) | |
| Mental state | ||
| Loss of consciousness | 8 (21%) | |
| Hallucinations | 4 (11%) | |
| Delusions (Cotard delusion) | 5 (2) (13%) | |
| Sleep disturbances | 6 (16%) | |
| Seizure type (patients may fit >1 severities) | 1) Partial | 7 (18%) |
| 2) Generalized | 15 (39%) | |
| 3) Status epilepticus | 13 (34%) | |
| 4) Refractory status epilepticus | 10 (26%) |