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. 2022 Feb 24;145(5):1598–1609. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac077

Figure 1.

Figure 1

An overview of current biomarker development in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The main genetic biomarkers evaluated are TDP-43, MAPT, C9ORF72 and SOD1. Neurofilament biomarkers evaluated are NfL and NfH. The main immune-related biomarkers evaluated are YKL-40, GFAP and CST3. All of these markers have limitations in the diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and therefore there is an urgent need for new biomarker development for the two diseases.