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Forest plot to study the effect of PE on heart rate. PE reduced heart rate in MIRI animals compared to control group (SMD = 4.08 95% CI: 2.98 to 5.18, p < 0.001). The dark squares represent the standardized mean difference (SMD) for each study. The diamonds represent the pooled SMD. 95% of the CIs are indicated by lines. The analysis was conducted using a fixed-effects model.
