Figure 3. Effects of cinnamic acid (CA) on the enzyme coding genes expression involved to phenolic acid biosynthesis of non-grafted (NG) and rootstock grafted (RG) cucumber seedlings.

Samples were collected at 12 h after exposed to 0 mM (white bars) and 0.5 mM CA (dark bars). Data are means ± standard error of n = 3. Statistical different analysis was conducted between control and cinnamic acid treatment based on the least significant difference test (LSD). Bars sharing the same letters are not significantly different at the 5% level. (A) PAL, (B) PAL1, (C) C4H, (D) 4CL1, (E) 4CL2 and (F) COMT.