Figure 5. Effects of cinnamic acid (CA) on the phenolic acids in leaves of non-grafted (NG) and rootstock grafted (RG) cucumber seedlings.

Samples were collected at 36 h after exposed to 0 mM (white bars) and 0.5 mM CA (dark bars). Data are means ± standard error of n = 3. Statistical different analysis was conducted between control and cinnamic acid treatment based on the least significant difference test (LSD). (A) Gallic acid, (B) p-hydroxybenzonic acid, (C) p-coumaric acid, (D) benzoic acid, (E) ferulic acid and (F) cinnamic acid.