Table 1.
The subjects' characteristics.
| Males | Females | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-depressive symptoms | Depressive symptoms | P-value | Non-depressive symptoms | Depressive symptoms | P-value | |
| n | 340 (81.3%) | 78 (18.7%) | – | 475 (79.6%) | 122 (20.4%) | – |
| Age, yrs | 55 (41, 67) | 50.5 (38, 67) |
0.179 0.228 |
56 (43, 66) | 54 (37, 66) |
0.179 0.373 |
| < 45 | 100 (29.4%) | 31 (39.7%) | 137 (28.8%) | 43 (35.2%) | ||
| 45 ≤ , < 65 | 136 (40.0%) | 24 (30.8%) | 202 (42.5%) | 42 (34.4%) | ||
| 65 ≤ , < 75 | 71 (20.9%) | 18 (23.1%) | 96 (20.2%) | 27 (22.1%) | ||
| 75 ≤ | 33 (9.7%) | 5 (6.4%) | 40 (8.4%) | 10 (8.2%) | ||
| Height, cm | 169.3 (164.4, 173.2) | 168.9 (163.9, 173.7) | 0.945 | 156.4 (151.9, 160.1) | 155.5 (151.6, 160.6) | 0.796 |
| BW, kg | 67.1 (60.9, 73.7) | 65.4 (60.5, 73.0) | 0.384 | 52.9 (48.1, 59.1) | 53.2 (48.7, 57.5) | 0.941 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.5 (21.6, 25.8) | 23.4 (21.5, 25.2) |
0.422 0.376 |
22.0 (19.8, 24.2) | 22.0 (19.3, 24.7) |
0.864 0.375 |
| < 18.5 | 9 (2.6%) | 1 (1.3%) | 51 (10.7%) | 17 (13.9%) | ||
| 18.5 ≤ , < 25 | 218 (64.1%) | 57 (73.1%) | 330 (69.5%) | 76 (62.3%) | ||
| 25 ≤ , < 30 | 95 (27.9%) | 15 (19.2%) | 75 (15.8%) | 25 (20.5%) | ||
| 30 ≤ | 18 (5.3%) | 5 (6.4%) | 19 (4.0%) | 4 (3.3%) | ||
| CES-D | 6 (2, 10) | 19 (17, 24.8) | < 0.001* | 7 (3, 10) | 21 (18, 25) | <0.001* |
| AST, U/L | 23 (19, 29) | 23 (19, 27) | 0.768 | 20 (17, 24) | 19 (16, 23) | 0.070 |
| ALT, U/L | 21.5 (17, 31) | 22 (18, 30) | 0.683 | 16 (13, 20) | 14.5 (11, 19) | 0.083 |
| BUN, mg/dL | 14.7 (12.5, 17.8) | 14.7 (11.9, 17.1) | 0.395 | 13.5 (11.4, 16.1) | 13.4 (11.0, 16.8) | 0.806 |
| Cre, mg/dL | 0.83 (0.75, 0.92) | 0.81 (0.74, 0.91) | 0.563 | 0.61 (0.56, 0.67) | 0.61 (0.55, 0.67) | 0.992 |
| BNP, pg/dL | 6.2 (5.8, 11.1) | 6.5 (5.8, 10.6) | 0.754 | 9.4 (5.9, 15.1) | 10.0 (6.0, 16.3) | 0.832 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.6 (5.4, 5.8) | 5.6 (5.3, 5.9) | 0.353 | 5.8 (5.4, 5.8) | 5.6 (5.3, 5.8) | 0.578 |
| Hypertension | 106 (31.2%) | 21 (26.9%) | 0.498 | 115 (24.2%) | 34 (27.9%) | 0.413 |
| DM | 25 (7.4%) | 6 (7.7%) | 1.000 | 17 (3.6%) | 3 (2.5%) | 0.778 |
| Dyslipidemia | 42 (12.4%) | 9 (11.5%) | 1.000 | 56 (11.8%) | 17 (13.9%) | 0.536 |
| CAD | 8 (2.4%) | 0 (0%) | 0.361 | 7 (1.5%) | 1 (0.8%) | 1.000 |
| Stroke | 9 (2.6%) | 1 (1.3%) | 0.696 | 8 (1.7%) | 3 (2.5%) | 0.704 |
| Current smoker | 89 (26.2%) | 19 (24.4%) | 0.777 | 34 (7.2%) | 13 (10.7%) | 0.257 |
| Alcohol drinker | 245 (72.1%) | 45 (57.7%) | 0.020* | 156 (32.8%) | 37 (30.3%) | 0.665 |
*P < 0.05. Differences between the non-depressive symptoms and depressive symptoms groups were examined by Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables. Data are shown as number (a percentage of each group) or median (25 to 75th percentile).
ALT alanine transferase, AST aspartate transferase, BMI body mass index, BNP B-type natriuretic peptide, BUN blood urea nitrogen, BW body weight, CAD coronary artery disease, CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Cre creatinine, DM diabetes mellitus, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c.