Table 1.
The demographic and clinical (mean(SD)) characteristics of three data sets.
| Discovery Set (n = 37) | Validation Set (n = 42) | Control Set (n = 37) | Dis. vs. Val. | Dis. vs. Con. | Val. vs. Con. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statistic (df)a | P-value | Statistic (df)a | P-value | Statistic (df)a | P-value | ||||
| Age, months, mean (sd) | 47.08 (17.35) | 53.57 (20.19) | 49.64 (10.72) | 905 | 0.212 | 795 | 0.332 | 823 | 0.813 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 7 (18.92) | 10 (23.81) | 5 (13.16) | 0.06 (1) | 0.800 | 0.13 (1) | 0.715 | 0.87 (1) | 0.351 |
| BMI, mean (sd) | 17.80 (5.02) | 16.48 (3.54) | 16.41 (1.54) | 672 | 0.338 | 653 | 0.886 | 591 | 0.099 |
| Baseline | |||||||||
| CARS | |||||||||
| CARS_total | 37.28 (3.50) | 37.98 (4.13) | 38.76 (5.12) | 817 | 0.701 | 757 | 0.570 | 756 | 0.685 |
| CARS_S | 24.73 (2.59) | 25.31 (2.86) | 26.16 (3.70) | 836 | 0.568 | 836 | 0.161 | 703 | 0.362 |
| CARS_N | 7.18 (0.82) | 7.12 (1.02) | 7.26 (1.31) | 730 | 0.639 | 684 | 0.842 | 779 | 0.853 |
| CARS_D | 7.36 (0.86) | 7.65 (1.05) | 7.46 (1.05) | 903 | 0.213 | 688 | 0.876 | 896 | 0.342 |
| ADOSb | |||||||||
| ADOS_S | 6.95 (3.70) | 6.29 (2.53) | 6.26 (1.59) | 762 | 0.885 | 721 | 0.854 | 773 | 0.806 |
| ADOS_C | 9.46 (2.82) | 10.14 (2.86) | 10.68 (2.29) | 875 | 0.336 | 879 | 0.061 | 728 | 0.498 |
| ADOS_P | 2.30 (1.51) | 2.33 (1.59) | 2.55 (1.22) | 781 | 0.976 | 760 | 0.541 | 725 | 0.471 |
| ADOS_I | 2.11 (2.84) | 2.14 (1.98) | 2.08 (1.46) | 869 | 0.358 | 801 | 0.292 | 787 | 0.917 |
| SRSc | |||||||||
| SRS_AWA | 9.83 (4.92) | 10.17 (4.57) | 10.67 (3.38) | 503 | 0.793 | 209 | 0.979 | 393 | 0.821 |
| SRS_COG | 15.57 (6.82) | 16.62 (6.57) | 17.50 (4.12) | 522 | 0.596 | 237 | 0.436 | 357 | 0.740 |
| SRS_COM | 26.52 (12.55) | 29.69 (12.55) | 31.06 (7.69) | 558 | 0.309 | 253 | 0.231 | 365 | 0.834 |
| SRS_MOT | 12.43 (5.49) | 13.88 (6.52) | 15.39 (4.50) | 545 | 0.402 | 269 | 0.108 | 330 | 0.438 |
| SRS_MANN | 10.13 (6.72) | 14.17 (7.91) | 15.72 (3.95) | 615 | 0.071 | 321 | 0.279 | 308 | 0.257 |
| SRS_total | 74.48 (32.25) | 84.40 (34.37) | 90.33 (18.40) | 566 | 0.257 | 266 | 0.127 | 346 | 0.611 |
| Baseline—follow-up | |||||||||
| ΔCARS | |||||||||
| ΔCARS_total | 1.54 (1.40) | 1.90 (1.34) | 0.89 (1.43) | 885 | 0.288 | 543 | 0.088 | 1090 | 0.005 |
| ΔCARS_S | 0.92 (1.10) | 1.24 (0.95) | 0.54 (1.08) | 920 | 0.156 | 573 | 0.165 | 1083 | 0.005 |
| ΔCARS_N | 0.41 (0.58) | 0.30 (0.56) | 0.14 (0.72) | 700 | 0.425 | 556 | 0.104 | 892 | 0.348 |
| ΔCARS_D | 0.30 (0.49) | 0.49 (0.51) | 0.21 (0.59) | 927 | 0.122 | 624 | 0.380 | 1024 | 0.024 |
BMI body mass index, CARS Childhood Autism Rating Scale, ADOS the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, SRS the Social Responsiveness Scale, CARS_total CARS total score, CARS_S CARS score on social impairment domain, CARS_N CARS score on negative emotionality domain, CARS_D CARS score on distorted sensory response domain, ADOS_S ADOS score on social interaction, ADOS_C ADOS score on communication, ADOS_P ADOS score on play, ADOS_I ADOS score on imaginative use of materials, SRS_AWA SRS score on social awareness, SRS_COG SRS score on social cognition, SRS_COM SRS score on social communication, SRS_MOT SRS score on social motivation, SRS_MANN SRS score on autistic mannerism, SRS_total SRS total score.
aMann–Whitney U-test for non-normal features, while chi-square test for sex.
bSample size for ADOS data in Discovery Set, Validation Set and Control Set are 36, 41 and 36.
cSample size for SRS data in Discovery Set, Validation Set and Control Set are 22, 41 and 17.