Table 3.

Summary of the effects of (R)- and (S)-ketamine, psilocybin, and psilocin on time estimation in discrete-trial temporal discrimination task (TDT) and cognition in the 5-CSRTT in the standard conditions of stimulus duration (Sd) of 1 s, easier conditions with Sd of 2 s, as well as in variable inter-trial interval (vITI) variant promoting impulsivity. Actions of norpsilocin are not shown due to the lack of effects. Doses (mg/kg) are shown in parentheses. The green background may suggest possible therapeutic effects (increased timing and lower premature responses for 15 mg/kg of (S)-ketamine as well as decreased incorrect responses and increased accuracy for (R)-ketamine), the yellow background may suggest that the purportedly unspecific effects of (R)-ketamine on correct responses and response omissions are alleviated in the “easier”, 2-s variant of the task, and the red background suggests numerous unspecific effects accompanying or not accompanying the desired effect