Table 2.

Comparison of joints angles mean between pre- and postrehabilitation program at stance phase.

Joint angles	Stance phase		Paired differences			t	p value	Cohen's d
		Mean ± SD.	Mean %	SD	SEM
HA (pre)	Initial contact	18.87 ± 2.85	13.08%↑	3.36	0.87	2.85	0.04∗	0.74
H.A. (post)		21.33 ± 1.87
KA (pre)		3.20 ± 1.65	58.43%↓	1.68	0.43	4.29	0.02∗	1.11ˆ
KA (post)		1.33 ± 0.49
A.A. (pre)		1.33 ± 0.48	05.26%↓	0.59	0.15	0.44	0.67	0.10
A.A. (post)		1.27 ± 0.46
HA (pre)	Loading response/foot flat	19.00 ± 3.02	22.10%↓	3.96	1.02	4.1	0.02∗	1.05ˆ
H.A. (post)		14.80 ± 2.21
KA (pre)		18.33 ± 2.5	17.78%↓	2.18	2.05	5.7	0.01∗	1.50ˆ
KA (post)		15.06 ± 1.33
A.A. (pre)		5.06 ± 0.88	25.09%↑	1.27	-1.44	2.21	0.04∗	0.57
A.A. (post)		5.80 ± 1.37
HA (pre)	Mid-stance	2.33 ± 1.23	48.49%↓	1.35	0.35	3.23	0.03∗	0.88ˆ
H.A. (post)		1.20 ± 0.41
KA (pre)		8.93 ± 2.18	41.76%↓	2.54	0.65	5.67	0.01∗	1.46ˆ
KA (post)		5.20 ± 0.86
A.A. (pre)		6.06 ± 1.27	20.79%↓	1.48	0.38	3.30	0.03∗	0.85ˆ
A.A. (post)		4.80 ± 0.56
HA (pre)	Terminal-stance	14.06 ± 2.49	29.37%↑	3.83	0.98	4.17	0.02∗	1.08ˆ
H.A. (post)		18.20 ± 3.21
KA (pre)		6.86 ± 1.40	73.76%↓	1.70	0.44	11.47	0.01∗	2.94ˆ
KA (post)		1.80 ± 0.86
A.A. (pre)		1.93 ± 0.88	0.00%	1.25	0.32	0.00	1.00	0.00
A.A. (post)		1.93 ± 0.79
HA (pre)	Preswing/toe off	12.20 ± 2.56	27.79%↑	3.39	0.87	3.80	0.03∗	0.98ˆ
H.A. (post)		15.53 ± 3.35
KA (pre)		24.13 ± 2.97	35.64%↑	5.06	1.30	-6.57	0.01∗	1.70ˆ
KA (post)		32.73 ± 4.14
A.A. (pre)		17.73 ± 2.43	-6.76%↑	3.54	0.91	1.30	0.21	0.34
A.A. (post)		18.93 ± 2.25

HA: hip angle; KA: knee angle; AA: ankle angle; df = 14; ∗significant value if p ≤ 0.05; SD: standard deviation; SEM: standard error mean; ˆeffect size is large if d = 0.8.