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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Subst Abuse Treat. 2022 Jan 31;138:108731. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108731

Table 2:

Characteristics of Interview Participants

Characteristics of Interview Participants KY N=801 MA N=101 NY N=85 OH N=1222 Total N=388
Age (n (%))
 18–34 years 8 (10.0) 14 (13.9) 4 (4.7) 14 (11.5) 40 (10.3)
 35–49 years 34 (42.5) 39 (38.6) 29 (34.1) 36 (29.5) 138 (35.6)
 50–64 years 28 (35.0) 37 (36.6) 34 (40.0) 50 (41.0) 149 (38.4)
 65–74 years 8 (10.0) 6 (5.9) 18 (21.1) 17 (13.9) 49 (12.6)
 75 years or older 1 (1.3) 1 (1.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (3.3) 6 (1.5)
 Missing 1 (1.3) 4 (4.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.8) 7 (1.8)
Gender (n (%))
 Male 20 (25.0) 27 (26.7) 40 (47.1) 45 (39.3) 132 (34.0)
 Female 59 (73.8) 68 (67.3) 45 (52.9) 74 (60.7) 246 (63.4)
 Transgender 0 (0.0) 1 (1.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3)
 Other 0 (0.0) 1 (1.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.3)
 Missing 1 (1.3) 4 (4.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 5 (1.3)
Latinx (n (%))
 Yes 2 (2.5) 4 (4.0) 1 (1.1) 3 (2.5) 10 (2.6)
 No 77 (96.3) 95 (94.1) 84 (98.8) 119 (97.5) 375 (96.6)
 Missing 1 (1.3) 4 (4.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 5 (1.3)
Race (n (%)) 3
 African American/Black 5 (6.3) 4 (4.0) 0 (0.0) 4 (3.3) 13 (3.4)
 Caucasian/white 74 (92.5) 89 (88.1) 83 (97.6) 113 (92.6) 359 (92.5)
 Other 0 (0.0) 5 (5.0) 2 (2.3) 7 (5.7) 14 (3.6)
 Missing 1 (1.3) 6 (5.9) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.8) 8 (2.1)
Education (n (%))
 < high school diploma 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
 High School 1 (1.3) 4 (4.0) 3 (3.5) 3 (2.5) 11 (2.8)
 Some college 3 (3.8) 10 (10.0) 1 (1.1) 14 (11.5) 28 (7.2)
 Associate’s degree 2 (2.5) 3 (3.0) 2 (2.3) 6 (4.9) 13 (3.4)
 Bachelor’s degree 32 (40.0) 24 (23.8) 18 (21.1) 25 (20.5) 99 (25.5)
 Master’s degree 36 (45.0) 41 (40.6) 42 (49.4) 58 (47.5) 177 (45.6)
 Professional degree 2 (2.5) 5 (5.0) 7 (8.23) 9 (7.4) 23 (5.9)
 Doctorate 3 (3.8) 10 (10.0) 12 (14.1) 7 (5.7) 32 (8.2)
 Missing 1 (1.3) 4 (4.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 5 (1.3)
Organizational Perspective (n (%)) 4
 Behavioral Health 26 (32.5) 23 (22.8) 3 (3.5) 28 (22.7) 80(20.6)
 Community Group 7 (8.7) 11 (10.9) 3 (3.5) 13 (10.6) 34 (8.8)
 Criminal Justice 7 (8.7) 13 (12.9) 11 (12.9) 4 (3.2) 35 (9.0)
 Education 6 (7.5) 8 (7.9) 2 (2.3) 12 (9.7) 28 (7.2)
 First Responder 1 (1.2) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 9 (7.3) 10 (2.6)
 Government/Policy 5 (6.3) 9 (8.9) 21 (24.7) 16 (13.0) 51 (13.1)
 Harm Reduction 15 (18.7) 10 (9.9) 24 (28.2) 26 (21.1) 75 (19.3)
 Healthcare 10 (12.5) 18 (17.8) 10 (11.7) 11 (8.9) 49 (12.6)
 Other 3 (1.3) 9 (8.9) 11 (12.9) 3 (2.4) 26 (6.7)

Notes: Percentages may not sum to exactly 100% due to rounding

1

In Kentucky, one interview included two participants, and one interview included three participants. Thus, there were 80 individuals who participated in 77 interviews.

2

In Ohio, three interviews included two participants; thus there were 122 individuals who participated in 119 interviews.

3

Greater than 100%, as individuals could select more than one race.

4

Community Group includes individuals who represented community-based religious or fraternal organizations, non-religious civic or volunteer groups, or community-based agencies who serve youth or homeless individuals. Other includes persons in recovery or persons who are using substances, family members of individuals with substance use or who have experienced overdose, or local businesses that do not fall into the community group category.