Table 1.
Summary of studies in non-human primates utilizing chemogenetic modulation of brain circuitry and behavior
| Study | NHP Species (n, sex, age) | Viral vector(s) | Injection location(s)* | Chemogenetic actuator(dose) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kinoshita, et al., 2012 | Japanese and Rhesus macaque (5, age not reported) | (1) HiRet-TRE-EGFP.eTeNT (2) AAV2-CMV-rtTAV16 |
(1) Spinal cord segments C6-T1 (2) Spinal cord segments C2-C5 |
Dox (5–15 mg/kg, p.o.) |
| Aguilar, et al., 2015 * | Rhesus macaque (1, male, 1 female, age not reported) | AAV5-hSyn-HA.hM4Di-IRES-mCitrine | Substania nigra (unilateral) | CNO (2–10mg/kg, i.m.) C21 (5mg/kg, i.m.) Perlapine (5mg/kg, i.m.) |
| Eldridge, et al., 2016 | Rhesus macaque (2 female & male, 9–14 years old) | Lenti-hSyn-hM4Di.CFP | Orbital frontal cortex areas 11 & 13 (unilateral with contralateral lesion to rhinal cortex) | CNO (10mg/kg, i.m.) |
| Grayson, et al., 2016 | Rhesus macaque (4, male, ~5.25 years old) | AAV5-hSyn-hM4D-mCherry | Amygdala (bilateral) | CNO (10mg/kg, i.v.) |
| Nagai, et al., 2016 | Rhesus macaque (4 males, 5–14 years old) | AAV2-CMV-hM4Di or AAV2-CMV-HA-hM4Di | Rostromedial caudate (bilateral) | CNO (3mg/kg, i.v.) |
| Tohyama et al., 2017 | Macaques (6, not reported) | (1) HiRet/FuG-E/NeuRet-TRE-EGFP.eTeNT (2) AAV2/DJ-CMV-rtTAV16 |
(1) Spinal cord segments C6-T1 (2) Spinal cord segments C2-C4 |
Dox (15 mg/kg, p.o.) |
| Upright, et al., 2018 | Rhesus macaque (5 males, 4–6 years old) | AAV5-hSyn-hM4Di. mCherry | Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (bilateral) | CNO (20mg/kg, i.m.) |
| Magnus, et al., 2019 | Rhesus macaque (1, 5 years old) | AAV8-hSyn-PSAM4GlyR-IRES-EGFP | Internal Globus Pallidus (unilateral) | Varenicline (0.1mg/kg, s.c.) |
| Raper, et al., 2019 | Rhesus macaque (2, female and male, 9 months old) | AAV5-hSyn-HA.hM4Di-IRES-mCitrine | Basolateral amygdala (bilateral) | CNO (10mg/kg, s.c.) Clozapine (0.1mg/kg, s.c.) |
| Kinoshita, et al., 2019 | Rhesus and Japanese macaques (1 each, males) | (1) HiRetTRE-eGFP.eTeNT (2) AAV1-CMV-rtTAV |
(1) Ventrolateral pulvinar (2) Superior colliculus |
Dox (15–25 mg/kg, p.o.) |
| Hayashi, et al. 2020 | Japanese macaque (5, males and females, 4–10 years old) | HiRet-hM4Di-WPRE | Medial prefrontal cortex (bilateral) | CNO (3mg/kg, i.v.) |
| Nagai, et al., 2020 | Rhesus and Japanese macaque (2, female & male, 5–7 years old) | AAV1-hSyn-hM4Di-IRES-AcGFP | Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (bilateral) | DCZ (100 μg/kg, i.m.) |
| Ninomiya et al. 2020 | Rhesus macaques (2, males, 6 years old) | (1) AAV-DJ-TRE-EGFP-eTeNT (2) AAV2-retro-CMV-rTAV16 |
(1) Medial prefrontal cortex (2) Premotor cortex |
Dox (25–30 mg/kg, p.o.) |
| Vancraeyenes t et al. 2020 | Rhesus macaque (2 female, 6 males, 4–7 years old) | (1) HiRet -TRE-EGFP.eTeNT-EGFP/mCherry or NeuRet-TRE-EGFP.eTeNT-EGFP/mCherry (2) AAV2-CMV-rtTAV16 |
(1) Nucleus accumbens (2) Ventral tegmental area |
Dox (15 mg/kg, p.o.) |
| Allen, et al., 2021 | Rhesus macaque (7, male, 5–6 years old) | AAV1-hSyn-hM4Di.mCherry | Nucleus accumbens (bilateral) | CNO hydrochloride salt (1.7–5.6 mg/kg, i.m.) |
| Hirabayashi, et al., 2021 | Japanese macaque (3, female and male, 5–10 years old) | AAV1-hSyn-hM4Di-IRES2-AcGFP or AAV2-CMV-hM4Di | Hand region of somatosensory cortex (unilateral) | DCZ (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.) |
| Mimura, et al., 2021 | Marmoset (3, female & male, 2.5–4 years old) | AAV1-hSyn-hM3Dq-IRES-AcGFP or AAV1-THFLAG-hM3Dq | Substania nigra (unilateral) | DCZ (100 μg/kg, p.o. or 3 μg/kg, i.p.) |
| Oguchi, et al., 2021 | Japanese macaque (2 males, 7–8 years old) | (1) FuGE-Cre-2A-GFP (2) AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di.mCherry |
(1) Caudate (2) Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
CNO (5mg/kg, i.v.) |
| Oyama, et al., 2021 | Rhesus and Japanese macaque (2, female & male, 5–6 years old) | AAV1-hSyn-hM4Di-IRES-AcGFP | Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | DCZ (100 μg/kg, i.m.) DCZ (2–3 ul, 100 nM, localized microinfusions in the caudate or the mediodorsal thalamus) |
| Roseboom, et al., 2021 | Rhesus macaque (5, female & male, ~2.19 years old) | AAV5-hSyn-HA.hM4Di | Central amygdala (bilateral) | Clozapine (0.030.1mg/kg, i.m.) |
| Upright et al, 2021 * | Rhesus macaque (2 males, 8 years old) | (1) CAV2-Cre (2) AAV5-hSyn-DIO-hM3Dq.mCherry |
(1) Nucleus basalis of Meynert (2) Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
DCZ (0.1mg/kg, i.m.) |
&
The numbers indicate which of vectors were injected in each region
*
Indicates studies published only as conference proceedings
Abbreviations: DCZ, deschloroclozapine, Dox, doxycycline, CNO, clozapine
Notes: HiRet is also known as FuG-B2, NeuRet is also known as FuG-C