Table 4.
Weighted mean differences in serum micronutrients and iron status markers in women with and without gestational diabetes according to observational studies
| Variables | No. of studies | No. of participants† | Weighted mean difference (95%CIs) | I2 (%) | Pheterogeneity | Egger’s test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum vitamin D (nmol/l) | 7 | 419/959 | -8.31 (-14.4, -2.19) | 91.9 | <0.001 | 0.954 |
| Serum iron (µg/dl) | 4 | 266/1155 | 19.3(-1.90, 40.4) | 96.6 | <0.001 | 0.154 |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 3 | 186/184 | 24.2 (15.0, 33.4) | 12.9 | 0.317 | 0.742 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 3 | 86/84 | 1.14 (0.32, 1.96) | 72.9 | 0.025 | 0.545 |
| Total iron binding capacity (µg/dl) | 2 | 134/134 | -36.0 (-111, 38.7) | 97.1 | <0.001 | - |
| Serum zinc (µg/dl) | 2 | 107/996 | -4.60 (-13.6, 4.44) | 60 | 0.114 | - |
| Serum magnesium (mmol/l) | 2 | 113/185 | -0.02 (-0.06, 0.02) | 85.3 | 0.009 | - |
† No. of women with gestational diabetes/ No. of women without gestational diabetes. § A study with extremely lower serum iron was excluded