Table 2.
Adjusted hazard ratios by Cox proportional hazard model for different risk factors of LEA
| Covariate | Adjusted HR (95%CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model Aa | Model Bb | Model Cc | |
| P4P (ref.: non-P4P) | 0.35 (0.29-0.41)* | 0.37 (0.30-0.44)* | |
| COCI | 0.08 (0.06-0.10)* | ||
| Low COCI (reference) | |||
| Middle COCI | 0.49 (0.43-0.55)* | ||
| High COCI | 0.23 (0.21-0.27)* | ||
| P4P & COCI | |||
| non-P4P, low COCI(reference) | |||
| non-P4P, middle COCI | 0.68 (0.61-0.76)* | ||
| non-P4P, high COCI | 0.26 (0.22-0.31)* | ||
| P4P, low COCI | 0.53 (0.44-0.67)* | ||
| P4P, middle COCI | 0.30 (0.23-0.38)* | ||
| P4P, high COCI | 0.06 (0.04-0.10)* | ||
| Gender (ref.: female) | |||
| Male | 1.16 (1.04-1.29)ǂ | 1.09 (0.99-1.20) | 1.15 (1.02-1.29)+ |
| Age (ref.: 18< yr ≤ 55) | |||
| 56 ≤ yr ≤ 69 | 0.85 (0.73-1.00)+ | 0.81 (0.70-0.94)ǂ | 0.89 (0.75-1.06) |
| yr ≥ 70 | 0.71 (0.60-0.83)* | 0.59 (0.51-0.69)* | 0.73 (0.61-0.87)* |
| Diabetes duration (ref.: <5 yr) | |||
| 5 ≤ duration <10 | 2.06 (1.54-2.76)* | 2.29 (1.76-2.98)* | 2.09 (1.52-2.87)* |
| duration≥ 10 | 3.91 (2.93-5.20)* | 4.35 (3.36-5.63)* | 3.90 (2.85-5.32)* |
| CCI score (ref: score=0) | |||
| 1-2 | 0.55 (0.47-0.64)* | 0.56 (0.48-0.64)* | 0.55 (0.47-0.66)* |
| ≥ 3 | 0.28 (0.21-0.39)* | 0.31 (0.24-0.41)* | 0.30 (0.21-0.41)* |
| DSCI score (ref: score=0) | |||
| 1-2 | 1.07 (0.89-1.29) | 1.05 (0.89-1.24) | 1.11 (0.91-1.35) |
| ≥ 3 | 1.77 (1.28-2.45)* | 1.63 (1.21-2.19)ǂ | 1.89 (1.34-2.65)* |
| CDD (ref: No) | |||
| Yes | 0.72 (0.56-0.93)+ | 0.82 (0.65-1.05) | 0.77 (0.58-1.01) |
| Residence (ref.: Rural) | |||
| Urban | 0.82 (0.73-0.92)* | 0.81 (0.73-0.91)* | 0.83 (0.73-0.94)ǂ |
| Monthly salary/wage (ref.: FP and dependent) | |||
| < NTD 20,000 | 0.96 (0.83-1.10) | 0.96 (0.84-1.09) | 1.00 (0.86-1.15) |
| ≥ NTD 20,000 | 0.85 (0.75-0.97)+ | 0.86 (0.76-0.96)ǂ | 0.91 (0.80-1.04) |
| Health care facility level (ref.: Medical center) | |||
| Regional hospital | 1.14 (1.00-1.31) | 1.11 (0.98-1.26) | 1.13 (0.98-1.31) |
| District hospital | 1.06 (0.92-1.23) | 1.02 (0.89-1.17) | 0.99 (0.83-1.16) |
| Community clinic | 0.87 (0.75-1.01) | 0.86 (0.75-0.99) + | 0.89 (0.75-1.05) |
| Akaike information criterion | 30,787 | 36,804 | 30,699 |
| Schwarz-Bayesian criterion | 30,888 | 36,918 | 30,794 |
*p<0.001; ǂ p<0.01; + p<0.05
a: Categorical time-dependent time-weighted average COCI, b: Stratification of average time weighted-average COCI by P4P, c: Continuous time-weighted average COCI, ref: reference; TWA= time-weighted average; P4P= pay for performance; COCI: continuity of care index; Int=Intermediate COCI; CCI= Charlson