Fig. 4.

Difference in diversity annd abundance (normalized into reads per million of reads) of ARGs in the rumen of KC (in purple), CH (in green), and AN (in yellow) beef steers. a Difference in Chao1 index and Simpson’s index among breeds. b PCoA based on Bray–Curtis distance. c Difference in the abundance of total ARGs among breeds. d Difference in the abundance of 12 ARGs belonging to aminoglycoside, bacitracin, MLS, tetracycline, and vancomycin classes among breeds. ARG, antimicrobial resistant gene; KC, Kinsella composite hybrid; AN, Angus; CH, Charolais; MLS, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin; MDR, multidrug. PCoA, principal coordinate analysis. **P < 0.05 by Kruskal–Wallis test followed by multiple pairwise comparisons using Dunn’s test with Benjamini–Hochberg method for false discovery rate control