Table 1. Distribution of the study sample and the percentage of local brand smoking by sociodemographic characteristics and smoking behaviors among current smokers in Wave 5 of the International Tobacco Control China Survey (n=6,642).
| Characteristic | Number-total | Percentage-subgroup (%) | Number-LB smokers |
Percentage-
LB smokers (%) |
Chi-square | p -value |
| Note: p-values are calculated from the weighted bivariate analysis chi-square tests.Abbreviations: LB=local brand; NA=not applicable; NLV=non-local venture; LV=local venture.* Education was categorized as high education (more than senior high school), medium education (senior high school), and low education (less than senior high school).† Rural areas consisted of Changzhi, Yichun, Tongren, and Huzhou. Urban areas consisted of Beijing, Shenyang, Guangzhou, Shanghai, and Kunming.§ This indicator variable consisted of areas with NLVs (non-local brands using local cigarette factories including Beijing, Shenyang, Changzhi, and Yichun) or LVs (local brands using local cigarette factories including Kunming, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Huzhou, and Tongren).¶These are cities.** These are rural areas. | ||||||
| Total | 6,642 | 3,173 | 47.6 | |||
| Sex | 17.07 | <0.001 | ||||
| Female | 288 | 3.8 | 100 | 34.8 | ||
| Male | 6,354 | 96.2 | 3,073 | 48.1 | ||
| Age group (years) | 47.09 | <0.001 | ||||
| 18–24 | 148 | 2.7 | 83 | 56.9 | ||
| 25–39 | 1,165 | 18.8 | 631 | 55.3 | ||
| 40–54 | 2,885 | 41.9 | 1,359 | 46.4 | ||
| 55+ | 2,439 | 36.5 | 1,099 | 44.4 | ||
| NA | 5 | 1 | ||||
| Ethnicity | 290.34 | <0.001 | ||||
| Non-Han | 852 | 12.6 | 658 | 75.2 | ||
| Han | 5,775 | 87.4 | 2,510 | 43.7 | ||
| NA | 15 | 5 | ||||
| Income | 46.01 | <0.001 | ||||
| High (≥3,000 CNY) | 3,935 | 59.7 | 1,974 | 50.6 | ||
| Medium (1,000–2,999 CNY) | 1,310 | 20.8 | 524 | 40.7 | ||
| Low (<1,000 CNY) | 402 | 5.8 | 178 | 41.4 | ||
| Unknown | 995 | 13.8 | 497 | 48.1 | ||
| Education group* | 30.75 | <0.001 | ||||
| High | 1,047 | 15.5 | 567 | 54.2 | ||
| Medium | 4,158 | 62.7 | 1,889 | 45.2 | ||
| Low | 1,412 | 21.8 | 708 | 50.0 | ||
| NA | 25 | 23.7 | 9 | |||
| Marital status | 30.28 | <0.001 | ||||
| Married or living with a partner | 5,813 | 86.6 | 2,758 | 47.3 | ||
| Divorced or separated | 315 | 5.0 | 146 | 42.2 | ||
| Widowed | 161 | 2.6 | 67 | 42.2 | ||
| Single | 338 | 5.8 | 195 | 60.1 | ||
| NA | 15 | 7 | ||||
| Rural/urban area type† | 21.01 | <0.001 | ||||
| Rural area | 3,207 | 48.6 | 1,438 | 44.8 | ||
| Urban area | 3,435 | 51.4 | 1,735 | 50.4 | ||
| NLVs/LVs§ | 2825.58 | <0.001 | ||||
| NLV | 2,901 | 43.5 | 322 | 10.5 | ||
| LV | 3,741 | 56.5 | 2,851 | 76.2 | ||
| City of residence | 3172.81 | <0.001 | ||||
| Beijing¶ | 661 | 10.1 | 102 | 11.1 | ||
| Shenyang¶ | 636 | 9.1 | 17 | 2.5 | ||
| Shanghai¶ | 730 | 11.1 | 441 | 61.5 | ||
| Guangzhou¶ | 664 | 9.9 | 460 | 70.7 | ||
| Kunming¶ | 744 | 11.1 | 715 | 96.0 | ||
| Changzhi** | 804 | 12.2 | 0 | 0.0 | ||
| Yichun** | 800 | 12.1 | 203 | 26.7 | ||
| Huzhou** | 799 | 12.1 | 552 | 70.2 | ||
| Tongren** | 804 | 12.2 | 683 | 82.1 | ||
| Smoking frequency | 12.39 | <0.001 | ||||
| Daily | 6,128 | 92.4 | 2,959 | 48.3 | ||
| Non-daily | 514 | 7.6 | 214 | 40.1 | ||
| Smoking intensity | 19.30 | <0.001 | ||||
| Heavy | 3,987 | 60.0 | 1,988 | 49.9 | ||
| Light | 2,628 | 40.0 | 1,172 | 44.4 | ||
| NA | 27 | 13 | ||||
| Time to smoke the first cigarette after waking | 0.93 | 0.334 | ||||
| 0–30 min | 3,794 | 58.2 | 1,820 | 48.1 | ||
| ≥30 min | 2,750 | 41.8 | 1,307 | 46.9 | ||
| NA | 98 | 46 | ||||