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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Epidemiol. 2022 Mar 19;70:9–15. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.03.006

Table 3.

Mixed models estimate for SPPB score over a 20-year period as a function of cognitive impairment (N=1,545)

Predictor variables β(SE) p-value
Intercept 12.93 (0.47) <.0001
Time (years) −0.19 (0.01) <.0001
Cognition (MMSE < 21) −0.26 (0.08) 0.001
Age (years) −0.05 (0.01) <.0001
Sex (female) −0.55 (0.07) <.0001
BMI −0.00 (0.01) 0.353
Education (years) 0.03 (0.01) <.0001
Marital status (married) 0.05 (0.07) 0.448
Type 2 Diabetes −0.30 (0.07) <.0001
Hypertension −0.06 (0.06) 0.064
Stroke −0.35 (0.15) 0.017
Heart Attack −0.33 (0.11) 0.003
Cancer −0.05 (0.13) 0.683
Hip Fracture −0.60 (0.20) <.0001
Depressive symptoms −0.65 (0.08) <.0001

Note. SPPB=Short Physical Performance Battery (0–12 range); SE=standard error; BMI=body mass index (kg/m2), MMSE=Mini-Mental State Examination (0–30 range); Depressive symptoms measured by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D≥16)