(A) Working memory experiments. Participants maintained the orientation of gratings or the direction of dot motion over a 12 s retention interval. After the delay, participants rotated a recall probe to match their memory, and more points were awarded for more accurate memories.
(B) Population receptive field (pRF) mapping. A separate retinotopic mapping session was used to estimate voxel receptive field parameters for defining visual field maps in occipital, parietal, and frontal cortices. Example participant’s right and left hemispheres are shown.