Table 1.
Study population characteristics for neonicotinoids and adiposity measures among adults (20+ years), NHANES 2015–2016^
| Characteristics | n (%) | Overweight/obese n (%) | BMI (kg/m2) Mean (SD) | Waist circumference (cm) Mean (SD) | FMI (kg/m2) Mean (SD) | LMI (kg/m2) Mean (SD) | Fat percentage Mean (SD) | Detectable parent neonicotinoid n (%) | Detectable neonicotinoid metabolite n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 1675 | 1226 (69.9) | 29.3 (6.9) | 100.2 (17.1) | 9.7 (4.3) | 18.3 (3.4) | 32.6 (8.4) | 193 (11.6) | 711 (42.9) |
| Sex | |||||||||
| P-value | 0.071 | 0.756 | <0.001* | <0.001* | <0.001* | <0.001* | 0.531 | 0.090 | |
| Male | 798 (48.8) | 588 (50.7) | 29.4 (6.6) | 102.8 (17.0) | 7.9 (3.5) | 19.8 (3.1) | 26.8 (6.3) | 95 (51.5) | 304 (45.0) |
| Female | 877 (51.2) | 638(49.3) | 29.3 (7.2) | 97.7 (16.8) | 11.5 (4.4) | 16.9 (3.0) | 38.3 (6.0) | 98 (48.5) | 407 (55.0) |
| Age (years) | |||||||||
| P-value | <0.001* | 0.067 | 0.006* | 0.006* | 0.065 | 0.005* | 0.139 | 0.923 | |
| 20–29 | 283 (18.1) | 167 (13.6) | 27.6 (7.9) | 92.6 (19.3) | 8.7 (4.7) | 17.7 (3.3) | 30.2 (9.6) | 35 (16.4) | 126 (18.6) |
| 30–39 | 277 (17.4) | 195 (17.1) | 29.8 (7.4) | 99.9 (16.7) | 9.9 (4.6) | 19.0 (3.6) | 32.0 (8.1) | 31 (18.2) | 128 (18.2) |
| 40–49 | 300 (17.8) | 233 (18.8) | 29.4 (6.1) | 100.6 (14.3) | 10.0 (3.7) | 18.3 (3.2) | 33.7 (7.2) | 44 (25.5) | 134 (18.1) |
| 50–59 | 270 (18.8) | 202 (19.4) | 29.7 (6.6) | 101.7 (15.6) | 10.4 (4.1) | 18.3 (3.3) | 34.5 (8.0) | 35 (20.9) | 101 (18.2) |
| 60–69 | 291 (15.7) | 231 (17.6) | 30.6 (7.2) | 105.5 (18.2) | - | - | - | 20 (7.9) | 116 (14.6) |
| >70 | 254 (12.3) | 198 (13.5) | 28.8 (5.4) | 103.0 (14.5) | - | - | - | 28 (11.1) | 106 (12.4) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||||
| P-value | <0.001* | 0.005* | 0.031* | 0.005* | 0.039* | 0.010* | 0.017* | 0.206 | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian/Other Race/Multiracial | 259 (10.1) | 136 (8.5) | 27.9 (6.5) | 96.1 (16.0) | 9.2 (3.4) | 17.7 (3.1) | 32.7 (6.7) | 47 (16.2) | 134 (12.0) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 523 (63.5) | 360 (61.2) | 28.9 (6.8) | 100.4 (17.4) | 9.4 (4.2) | 18.0 (3.3) | 32.2 (8.4) | 51 (58.3) | 197 (61.7) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 390 (11.3) | 311 (12.7) | 31.2 (7.6) | 101.8 (18.1) | 10.5 (5.1) | 19.3 (3.4) | 32.5 (9.9) | 43 (10.9) | 168 (11.5) |
| Mexican-American/Other Hispanic | 503 (15.1) | 419 (17.6) | 30.7 (6.8) | 101.0 (15.2) | 10.7 (4.6) | 19.1 (3.4) | 33.9 (8.3) | 52 (14.6) | 212 (14.9) |
| Marital status | |||||||||
| P-value | 0.064 | 0.344 | 0.119 | 0.084 | 0.441 | 0.001* | 0.500 | 0.051 | |
| Married/Living with partner | 980 (63.6) | 733 (65.6) | 29.5 (6.9) | 101.1 (17.1) | 9.9 (4.2) | 18.5 (3.5) | 32.9 (8.0) | 115 (61.5) | 428 (67.3) |
| Widowed/Never married | 444 (23.1) | 300 (20.6) | 28.5 (7.2) | 97.8 (17.8) | 9.1 (4.7) | 18.0 (3.1) | 31.0 (9.4) | 56 (27.4) | 180 (20.5) |
| Divorced/Separated | 251 (13.3) | 193 (13.8) | 29.7 (6.6) | 100.5 (15.6) | 10.4 (4.1) | 18.3 (3.3) | 34.4 (7.9) | 22 (11.2) | 103 (12.2) |
| Monthly family income | |||||||||
| P-value | 0.358 | 0.340 | 0.634 | 0.172 | 0.557 | 0.479 | 0.970 | 0.194 | |
| High | 749 (63.0) | 534 (62.3) | 29.1 (6.8) | 100.2 (16.9) | 9.5 (4.1) | 18.2 (3.4) | 32.4 (7.9) | 95 (63.1) | 343 (66.4) |
| Medium | 235 (12.9) | 167 (12.5) | 29.0 (6.7) | 99.2 (17.3) | 10.0 (4.9) | 18.3 (3.2) | 32.8 (9.7) | 23 (12.5) | 93 (11.8) |
| Low | 568 (24.1) | 437 (25.2) | 30.2 (7.7) | 101.4 (18.1) | 10.3 (4.7) | 18.7 (3.4) | 33.3 (8.6) | 56 (24.5) | 218 (21.7) |
| Current health status | |||||||||
| P-value | <0.001* | <0.001* | <0.001* | <0.001* | 0.001* | <0.001* | 0.669 | 0.283 | |
| Excellent/Very good | 504 (41.7) | 304 (34.6) | 27.2 (5.7) | 94.9 (15.0) | 8.6 (3.7) | 17.5 (3.0) | 30.8 (8.4) | 63 (45.1) | 228 (45.0) |
| Good | 644 (41.4) | 490 (44.6) | 30.3 (7.1) | 103.2 (17.5) | 10.2 (4.5) | 18.7 (3.5) | 33.1 (8.2) | 69 (39.8) | 262 (40.3) |
| Fair/Poor | 390 (16.9) | 333 (20.8) | 32.3 (7.5) | 107.3 (17.5) | 11.7 (4.6) | 19.4 (3.5) | 35.6 (7.9) | 40 (15.1) | 157 (14.7) |
| Physical activity | |||||||||
| P-value | 0.607 | 0.431 | 0.667 | 0.680 | 0.837 | 0.580 | 0.533 | 0.489 | |
| Active | 438 (52.4) | 296 (51.1) | 28.2 (6.6) | 97.2 (17.4) | 9.1 (4.0) | 18.2 (3.3) | 31.3 (8.1) | 71 (55.3) | 216 (54.0) |
| Inactive | 382 (47.6) | 269 (48.9) | 28.7 (6.8) | 98.0 (16.0) | 9.3 (4.1) | 18.1 (3.2) | 31.9 (8.7) | 49 (44.7) | 185 (46.0) |
| Thyroid issues | |||||||||
| P-value | 0.007* | 0.006* | 0.019* | 0.016* | 0.394 | <0.001* | 0.796 | 0.948 | |
| Present | 178 (11.1) | 141 (13.0) | 31.1 (7.4) | 104.3 (17.2) | 12.1 (4.7) | 17.8 (3.4) | 38.3 (5.9) | 18 (11.6) | 73 (11.2) |
| Absent | 1496 (88.9) | 1084 (87.0) | 29.1 (6.8) | 99.7 (17.0) | 9.5 (4.2) | 18.4 (3.4) | 32.1 (8.4) | 175 (88.4) | 638 (88.8) |
| Calorie intake (kcal) | |||||||||
| P-value | 0.939 | 0.982 | 0.307 | 0.002* | 0.004* | <0.001* | 0.910 | 0.105 | |
| <1447 | 390 (21.2) | 288 (21.2) | 29.3 (6.9) | 99.0 (17.0) | 11.2 (4.6) | 18.0 (3.5) | 36.4 (7.2) | 47 (19.7) | 165 (20.9) |
| 1447–1975 | 386 (24.2) | 280 (23.7) | 29.2 (7.4) | 99.8 (18.1) | 10.1 (4.6) | 17.5 (3.3) | 34.4 (8.3) | 37 (24.0) | 153 (21.2) |
| 1976–2531 | 388 (27.7) | 294 (28.2) | 29.4 (6.4) | 100.9 (15.6) | 9.9 (4.1) | 18.3 (3.1) | 33.1 (8.1) | 41 (26.8) | 161 (26.4) |
| >2531 | 388 (26.9) | 278 (27.0) | 29.5 (6.9) | 101.7 (17.7) | 8.6 (3.8) | 19.3 (3.4) | 28.7 (7.9) | 49 (29.5) | 177 (31.5) |
| Smoking status | |||||||||
| P-value | 0.891 | 0.532 | 0.246 | 0.495 | 0.278 | 0.219 | 0.091 | <0.001* | |
| Smoker | 390 (24.2) | 274 (24.1) | 29.6 (7.3) | 101.4 (17.9) | 9.4 (4.3) | 18.7 (3.5) | 31.5 (8.4) | 36 (19.4) | 103 (15.4) |
| Non-smoker | 1222 (75.8) | 911 (75.9) | 29.2 (6.7) | 99.8 (16.7) | 9.7 (4.2) | 18.2 (3.3) | 32.8 (8.3) | 150 (80.6) | 580 (84.6) |
| BPA (μg/g cr) | |||||||||
| P-value | 0.098 | 0.140 | 0.036* | 0.373 | 0.287 | 0.258 | 0.836 | 0.920 | |
| <0.6 | 414 (24.4) | 309 (25.8) | 29.5 (6.5) | 101.7 (16.8) | 9.6 (4.0) | 18.7 (3.3) | 31.9 (7.8) | 55 (26.1) | 191 (25.1) |
| 0.6–0.99 | 417 (24.1) | 304 (23.1) | 29.2 (7.1) | 99.2 (17.7) | 9.7 (4.6) | 18.4 (3.3) | 32.2 (8.6) | 51 (23.5) | 181 (23.8) |
| 1–1.8 | 411 (25.6) | 290 (23.8) | 28.7 (6.7) | 98.3 (16.0) | 9.5 (4.4) | 18.0 (3.2) | 32.4 (8.8) | 46 (27.4) | 172 (24.7) |
| >1.8 | 413 (26.0) | 312 (27.4) | 30.0 (7.2) | 102.2 (17.5) | 10.3 (4.3) | 18.4 (3.6) | 33.9 (8.4) | 36 (23.0) | 160 (26.4) |
^
Percent, mean, and SD values presented are weighted to account for the NHANES complex survey design
*
Statistically significant at P<0.05 (using analysis of variance and Wald tests).