Table 2.

Estimated differences (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in adiposity measures by detectable concentrations of urinary neonicotinoids in US adults, NHANES, 2015–2016^{^}

	Fat mass index (N=822)	Lean mass index (N=844)	Body fat % (N=824)	Waist circumference (cm) (N=1462)	BMI (kg/m2) (N=1517)
	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)
Any parent neonicotinoid
Detect	−0.14 (−1.11, 0.82)	−0.45 (−1.35, 0.44)	0.24 (−0.96, 1.44)	−1.67 (−4.74, 1.41)	−0.77 (−2.27, 0.73)
Non-detect	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)
Acetamiprid
Detect	−3.17 (−4.79, −1.54)*	−3.17 (−5.17, −1.17)*	−4.41 (−8.20, −0.62)*	−9.80 (−19.08, −0.51)*	−3.88 (−7.25, −0.51)*
Non-detect	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)
Clothianidin
Detect	−0.10 (−1.21, 1.01)	−0.49 (−1.66, 0.68)	0.40 (−1.27, 2.07)	−0.94 (−4.63, 2.74)	−0.71 (−2.37, 0.95)
Non-detect	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)
Imidacloprid
Detect	0.05 (−1.40, 1.49)	−0.06 (−1.15, 1.02)	0.28 (−1.64, 2.20)	−2.04 (−5.77, 1.69)	−0.53 (−2.61, 1.55)
Non-detect	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)
Any neonicotinoid metabolite
Detect	0.24 (−0.37, 0.86)	0.62 (0.03, 1.21)*	−0.15 (−1.01, 0.70)	−0.47 (−2.36, 1.42)	0.15 (−0.65, 0.95)
Non-detect	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)
5-Hydroxy-imidacloprid
Detect	0.17 (−0.58, 0.93)	0.67 (0.04, 1.29)*	−0.15 (−1.43, 1.13)	−0.61 (−2.94, 1.72)	−0.03 (−0.91, 0.84)
Non-detect	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)
N-Desmethyl-acetamiprid
Detect	0.30 (−0.36, 0.96)	0.60 (−0.06, 1.26)	−0.05 (−0.90, 1.00)	−0.01 (−2.35, 2.33)	0.28 (−0.60, 1.17)
Non-detect	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)	1.00 (Referent)

^{^}Adjusted by age, race, sex, marital status, current health status, and thyroid status.

^*Statistically significant at P<0.05