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. 2022 Jun 5;12:9042. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12174-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) fMRI Experiment. Participants laid under a custom-built MR-compatible turntable where 3D-printed tool and non-tool stimuli were presented within reaching distance in a block-design. (B) Motion-Capture Experiment. As a behavioural control experiment, participants performed this paradigm in a motion-capture laboratory to measure kinematics with infrared-reflective (IRED) markers affixed to the hand. (A and B) During the experiments, the rooms were completely dark, objects were visible only when illuminated, all actions were performed with the right-hand only and participants were naïve to study goals (i.e., they were asked to grasp right or left side of objects without mentioning we were investigating tools or typicality manipulation).