Table 6.

Summary of recommendations.

1. Identify and address cultural-specific barriers faced by different groups such as:

Structural issues such as racism, lack of cultural safety Familiarity and trust with research and research processes General literacy and health literacy (in their own language) Cultural stigma/taboos relating to the health condition Consent processes (e.g. involving or not involving family)

2. Formal appointment of consumer advocates from the specific cultural communities you are wishing to engage with to:

Advise on research design and processes Assist with above identification of cultural-specific barriers Provide input on trial-related challenges from the relevant patient/cultural perspective

3. Hiring Bilingual Research Assistants

•Conducting research processes with patients in their own language is necessary to ensure participant safety and understanding Brief, intensive research training is effective in upskilling healthcare and/or skilled interpreting and translation workers in the delivery and management of research Importantly bilingual staff will also be adept at identifying and addressing cultural-specific barriers faced by participants

4. Ensure research trials/grant applications include appropriate funding for migrant participants

•Research with migrant patients does accrue additional costs; these should be clearly documented as essential components of research design and processes These costs will reduce over time as the necessary infrastructure and human resource is established Grants should better facilitate allocation of funds to support research with migrant participants