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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 6.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Med. 2021 Dec 6;53(6):2241–2251. doi: 10.1017/S0033291721004037

Figure 4. SNP-based Manhattan plots for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of estrogen medication use.

Figure 4.

A) estrogen medications only (G03C) and B) estrogens + estrogens and progestogens in combination (G03C+F). The dotted line represents genome-wide statistical significance (p=5×10−8). The chromosome 4 locus, in the TACR3 gene, is a known locus for hot flashes and night sweats (i.e. vasomotor symptoms). The chromosome 4 locus observed in the estrogen medication only GWAS (A) is more statistically significant in the larger sample (B). Results for European ancestry participants are depicted here but are almost identical to trans-ancestry results.