Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and quality assessment of included studies.
| Study | Design | Treatment | Patients | Age | Sex | HBV | Child-pugh | AFP (ng/ml) | Tumor number | Tumor size | MVI | Extrahepatic metastasis | BCLC stage | Mean PFS | Mean OS | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | M/F | Positive/Negative | A/B | <400/≥400 | S/M | cm | Yes/No | Yes/No | A/B/C | month | month | |||||
| Wu 2021 (30) | R multi-center |
TACE+Len+ICIs | 62 | 57(23-75) | 56/6 | 57/5 | NA | 30/32 | 25/37 | 31/31 (<10/≥10) |
34/28 | 6/56 | 6/21/63 | Not reached | Not reached | H |
| Chen 2021 (21) | R single center |
TACE+Len+ pembrolizumab |
70 | 58(36-69) | 37/33 | 38/32 | NA | 25/45 | NA | NA | NA | 48/22 | 0/47/23 | 9.2 | 18.1 | H |
| TACE+Len | 72 | 57(35-68) | 38/34 | 44/28 | NA | 28/44 | NA | NA | NA | 52/20 | 0/45/27 | 5.5 | 14.1 | |||
| Liu 2021 (31) | R single center |
TACE+Len+ camrelizumab | 22 | 57.5 ± 9.9 | 17/5 | 15/7 | 16/6 | 15/7 | NA | NA | 11/11 | NA | 0/12/10 | 11.4 | 24.0 | M |
| Cao 2021 (32) | R single center |
TACE+Len+ sintilimab |
52 | 40/12(65) | 45/7 | 47/5 | 46/6 | 34/18 | NA | NA | 19/33 | 21/31 | 0/13/29 | 13.3 | 23.6 | H |
| Zheng 2021 (33) | R single center |
TACE+Sor+ICIs | 22 | 10/12(55) | 19/3 | 17/5 | 13/9 | 7/15 | 7/15 | 8/14 (<5/≥5) |
7/15 | 7/15 | 0/11/11 | 16.3 | 23.3 | H |
| TACE+Sor | 29 | 18/11(55) | 24/5 | 27/2 | 18/11 | 8/21 | 9/20 | 15/14 | 8/21 | 13/16 | 0/14/15 | 7.3 | 13.8 | |||
| Chen 2021 (34) | R multi-center |
HAIC+Len+ pembrolizumab |
84 | 52(42-67) | 72/12 | 45/39 | 71/13 | 3984 (82-49,534) |
NA | NA | 49/35 | 20/64 | 0/22/62 | 10.9 | 17.7 | H |
| Len+ pembrolizumab |
86 | 53(43-69) | 71/15 | 48/38 | 75/11 | 4022 (79-51,462) |
NA | NA | 55/31 | 24/62 | 0/21/65 | 6.8 | 12.6 | |||
| He 2021 (25) | R multi-center |
HAIC+Len+ Pembrolizumab |
71 | 40/31 (≤50/>50) |
59/12 | 62/9 | NA | 26/45 | NA | 26/45 (<10/≥10) |
55/16 | 16/55 | NA | 11.1 | Not reached | H |
| levatinib | 86 | 42/44 (≤50/>50) |
77/9 | 78/8 | NA | 31/55 | NA | 40/46 (<10/≥10) |
62/24 | 25/61 | NA | 5.1 | 11 | |||
| Mei 2021 (35) | R single center |
HAIC+Len+ ICIs |
45 | 49.1 ± 10.6 | 38/7 | 37/8 | 44/1 | 4106 (72.8-121,000) |
36/9 | 11.2 ± 3.9 | 36/9 | 15/30 | 0/5/40 | 8.8 | 15.9 | H |
| Len+ICIs | 25 | 50.1 ± 12.3 | 18/7 | 19/6 | 22/3 | 767.6 (23.3-21,940.5) |
20/5 | 10.9 ± 4.2 | 18/7 | 13/12 | 0/3/22 | 5.4 | 8.6 | |||
| Zhang 2021 (36) | R single center |
HAIC+TKIs+ ICIs |
25 | 62.0(49-78) | 19/6 | 22/3 | 22/3 | 11/14 | NA | NA | 23/0 | NA | 0/0/25 | Not reached | Not reached | M |
| Liu 2021 (37) | R single center |
HAIC+TKIs+ ICIs |
27 | 59.2 ± 1.4 | 26/1 | 25/2 | 22/5 | 12/17 | 12/15 | 7.7 ± 0.7 | 20/7 | 8/19 | 0/0/27 | 10.6 | NA | M |
| Yang 2022 (38) | R single center |
TACE+TKIs +ICIs |
31 | 57.5 ± 9.4 | 6/25 | 26/5 | 27/4 | 23/8 | 12/19 (≤3/>3) |
NA | NA | NA | 2/18/11 | 8.5 | NA | M |
| Ju 2022 (39) | R single center |
TACE+ apatinib+ camrelizumab |
56 | 52(26-75) | 46/10 | 48/8 | 43/13 | 21/35 (<200/≥200) |
9/47 | 9.7 ± 4.9 | NA | NA | 0/13/43 | NA | 24.8 | H |
| Cai 2022 (40) | R single center |
TACE+Len+ICIs | 41 | 51.9 ± 10.3 | 37/4 | 35/5 | 37/4 | 20/21 | 18/23 (≤3/>3) |
12.3 ± 4.8 | 15/26 | 17/24 | NA | 7.3 | 16.9 | H |
| TACE+Len | 40 | 54.6 ± 11.0 | 33/7 | 35/6 | 33/7 | 18/22 | 21/19 (≤3/>3) |
13.6 ± 5.1 | 18/22 | 19/21 | NA | 4.0 | 12.1 | |||
| Teng 2022 (41) | R single center |
TACE+Len+ICIs | 53 | 56.9(37-75) | 45/8 | 45/8 | 34/19 | 35/18 | NA | NA | 25/28 | 42/11 | 0/23/30 | 8.5 | Not reached | M |
| Ju 2022 (42) | R single center |
TACE+ apatinib+ camrelizumab |
80 | 52(46-62) | 66/14 | 65/15 | 58/22 | 28/52 (<200/≥200) |
13/67 | 9.7 ± 4.7 | 47/33 | 44/36 | 0/13/67 | 15.7 | 22.1 | H |
TACE, transarterial chemoembolization; HAIC, hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy; TKIs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors; ICIs, immune checkpoint inhibitors; Len, lenvatinib; Sor, sorafenib; R, retrospective; M, male; F, female; HBV, hepatitis B virus; PS, performance status; S, single; M, multiple; MVI, macrovascular invasion; BCLC, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; H, high; M, medium; NA, not available.