TABLE 1.

The effects of late-onset calorie restriction on morphological and biochemical parameters.

	6 mAL	24 mAL	24 mCR
Body mass (g)	403.75 ± 5.96	510.00 ± 28.45 *	423.75 ± 19.36 #
Mass of liver (g)	9.88 ± 0.28	11.66 ± 0.61 *	9.74 ± 0.45 #
Liver to body mass ratio (x1,000)	24.48 ± 0.69	23.88 ± 1.55	23.04 ± 0.64
Mass of VAT (g)	5.40 ± 0.36	13.25 ± 1.70 ***	5.97 ± 0.82 ###
VAT to body mass ratio (x1,000)	13.37 ± 0.84	26.08 ± 2.24 ***	13.77 ± 1.35 ###
Glucose (mmol/l)	8.51 ± 0.28	6.51 ± 0.58 *	6.70 ± 0.45 $
Gck mRNA (fold change)	1.00 ± 0.19	6.00 ± 1.51**	9.53 ± 1.77$$$
FFA (mmol/l)	1.25 ± 0.20	5.33 ± 1.61 *	2.91 ± 1.10
TG (mmol/l)	0.73 ± 0.09	1.35 ± 0.14 *	0.85 ± 0.11 #
Liver CORT (ng/mg)	0.33 ± 0.02	0.57 ± 0.09 *	0.35 ± 0.03 #

Body weight, liver and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass, concentration of blood glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG), liver corticosterone (CORT), and glucokinase (Gck) mRNA level were measured in 24th-month-old male Wistar rats who were on ad libitum (AL) diet or on calorie restriction (CR) from 21st to 24th months. All data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 8). Different symbols denote significant differences between aged rats on AL diet and adults (24 mAL vs. 6 mAL, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001), old rats on CR and on AL diet (24 mCR vs. 24 mAL, ^#p < 0.05, ^###p < 0.001), and old rats on CR and adults fed AL (24 mAL vs. 6 mAL, ^[dollar]p < 0.05, ^$$$p < 0.001).