Fig. 3.

EMPA restores cardiac metabolic flexibility. A. Time course data for plasma glucose levels and glucose infusion rates (GIR) during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps. B. GIR at steady-state or final 40 min of the infusions shown in A. C. Relative glucose oxidation to fat oxidation or V_PDH/V_TCA measured in heart from fasted mice. D. V_PDH/V_TCA measured in heart following hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. E. Representative immunoblots for phosphorylated AKT at serine 473 (pAKT^SER473), total AKT and GAPDH. F. Quantification of data in E. G. Fold-change in pAKT levels calculated from data in F. Data are the mean ± s.e.m. for groups of n = 4–6. Data were compared by one-way ANOVA and followed by multiple comparison testing to compare all groups when a significant effect was observed. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.