Fig. 2.

Pulsing dynamics vary across the reporters. (A) Schematic representation of pulse characteristics. (B) Distributions of pulse frequency, duration, and amplitude for all reporters. Note that typical movie durations are 15 to 20 h (SI Appendix, Table S3); thus, we are limited in our ability to measure very low frequencies accurately (1/15 = 0.067). Duration and amplitude histograms are normalized such that the maximal height corresponds to the fraction of lineages with at least one pulse. (C) Autocorrelation of the fluorescence signal for independent cell lineages with the gadX reporter. Half-life is defined as the value of the time shift τ when the mean of the autocorrelation curve crosses 0.5. (D) Cell division time and half-life for each of the reporters. Error bars show SD around the mean. For the autocorrelation half-life calculations, half-lives are calculated using data from single cells, then mean and SD are calculated over these single-cell values. (E) Heat maps summarizing single-cell measurements of GFP over time for the gadX reporter in wild-type and ΔrpoS cells. Identical reporters are used in both strains, and thus the unnormalized data can be compared directly. (F) Frequency, duration, and amplitude distributions for the gadX reporter in the wild-type and ΔrpoS backgrounds. (G) GFP expression for the constitutive reporter in wild-type and ΔrpoS cells. Identical reporters are used in both strains, and thus the unnormalized data can be compared directly. (H) Frequency, duration, and amplitude distributions for the constitutive reporter in the wild-type and ΔrpoS backgrounds.