TABLE 1.

Advantages and disadvantage of synthetic strategies for biomimetic exosomes.

	Method	Yield	Cargo loading	Stability	Reference
Top-down	Extrusion	High	Lack selectivity	Good	Jang et al. (2014)
	Sonication	High	Lack selectivity	Good	Go et al. (2019)
	Nitrogen cavitation	High	Lack selectivity	Good	Gao et al. (2016)
	Cellular blebbing	High	Lack selectivity	Good	Ingato et al. (2018)
Bottom-up	Liposome-based	High	Selectivity	Poor	Kim et al. (2018)
	Protein-based	High	Selectivity	Good	Dautel and Champion (2021)
	Fully synthetic exosomes	High	Selectivity	Good	Staufer et al. (2021)
Biological approaches	Derived from virus	Low	Selectivity	Good	Votteler et al. (2016)