Table 1.
Patient Characteristics and Complications in Those With Cirrhosis and Ascites Stratified by the Presence or Absence of Hyponatremia.
| Variable | Cirrhosis with ascites and hyponatremia (n = 10,187) | Cirrhosis with ascites but no hyponatremia (n = 34,555) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 62.5 (12.1) | 63.8 (12.6) | <0.0001 |
| Male | 5539 (54.4%) | 18,310 (53.0%) | 0.013 |
| Race | |||
| White | 6796 (69.0%) | 21,469 (64.3%) | <0.001 |
| Black | 799 (8.1%) | 4085 (12.2%) | <0.001 |
| Hispanic | 1510 (15.3%) | 5440 (16.3%) | 0.024 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 344 (3.5%) | 973 (2.9%) | 0.003 |
| Other | 404 (4.1%) | 1442 (4.3%) | 0.36 |
| Elixhauser comorbidity score∗, Median (IQR) | 21 (13) | 12 (17) | <0.001 |
| Hepatocellular cancer | 1026 (10.1%) | 2438 (7.1%) | <0.001 |
| Nonhepatic complication | |||
| Acute kidney injury | 5121 (50.3%) | 11,344 (32.8%) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1900 (18.7%) | 6920 (20.0%) | <0.010 |
| Sepsis | 1708 (16.8%) | 4066 (11.8%) | <0.001 |
| Acute respiratory failure | 1240 (12.2%) | 3603 (10.4%) | <0.001 |
| Hepatic complications | |||
| Coagulopathy | 4743 (46.6%) | 13,169 (38.1%) | <0.001 |
| Hepatic encephalopathy | 2994 (29.4%) | 8289 (24.0%) | <0.001 |
| Hepatorenal syndrome | 1244 (12.2%) | 1957 (5.7%) | <0.001 |
| Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis | 1046 (10.3%) | 2294 (6.6%) | <0.001 |
| Acute liver failure | 832 (8.2%) | 1971 (5.7%) | <0.001 |
| Portal vein thrombosis | 595 (5.8%) | 1722 (5.0%) | <0.001 |
| Variceal bleeding | 332 (3.3%) | 1585 (4.6%) | <0.001 |
IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation.
∗Elixhauser comorbidity score excluding liver disease.