Table 3.

Univariate and multivariable analysis of factors associated with PPEI.

Variable	Univariate Analysis			Multivariable Analysis
	Odds Ratio	95% CI	P	Odds Ratio	95% CI	P
Age	0.99	0.94–1.05	0.82
Gender
Male	Ref
Female	2.00	0.35–11.58	0.44
BMI	1.02	0.91–1.13	0.78
VHL vs Non-VHL
Non-VHL	Ref			Ref
VHL	5.24	0.89–30.76	0.07	0.32	0.01–8.53	0.50
Cystic Pancreas
No	Ref
Yes	1.61	0.27–9.53	0.60
Functional Tumor
No	Ref			Ref
Yes	0.15	0.02–1.31	0.09	0.05	0.001–2.01	0.11
Surgical Procedure
Enucleation	Ref			Ref
Distal Pancreatectomy	0.51	0.05–5.92	0.59	0.18	0.01 –4.29	0.29
Pancreatiocoduodenectomy	18.50	2.17–157.46	0.008	14.43	1.43–145.76	0.024
Volume of Pancreas Resected	1.01	0.99–1.02	0.33
Multifocal
No	Ref
Yes	1.82	0.34–9.62	0.48
Tumor Grade
Grade 1	Ref
Grade 2	1.40	0.22–9.11	0.50
Grade 3*	-	-	-
Metastasis
No	Ref
Yes	3.30	0.53–20.43	0.20
Cysts in remnant pancreas
No	Ref
Yes	2.42	0.40–14.65	0.34
PNET in remnant pancreas
No	Ref
Yes	0.43	0.05–3.91	0.46
New or Worsening DM
No	Ref
Yes	1.49	0.16–14.23	0.73

MEN1: multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, VHL: von Hippel-Lindau, PPEI: postoperative exocrine insufficiency.

^*No cases of PPEI for Grade 3 tumors.