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. 2022 Mar 28;119(14):e2118990119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2118990119

Table 3.

Study 2A propensity score balance model comparing only nonviolent and both nonviolent and violent protests

Predictors Policy support
Estimates CI P
(Intercept) 5.42 5.38 to 5.47 <0.001
County total population −0.01 −0.05 to 0.04 0.728
County median income −0.00 −0.04 to 0.03 0.884
County percent female −0.10 −0.13 to −0.06 <0.001
County percent White 0.06 −0.01 to 0.13 0.099
County percent African American 0.03 −0.02 to 0.09 0.245
County percent Asian American 0.02 −0.03 to 0.07 0.420
County percent Hispanic −0.09 −0.13 to −0.05 <0.001
County per capita police killings 0.03 0.00 to 0.06 0.026
County per capita police killings of African Americans −0.02 −0.03 to −0.00 0.010
Gender −0.00 −0.02 to 0.02 0.997
Employment −0.02 −0.03 to 0.00 0.059
Education 0.17 0.15 to 0.19 <0.001
Protest type: Violent vs. nonviolent only −0.03 −0.09 to 0.03 0.397
Trump vote share −0.12 −0.18 to −0.07 <0.001
Political ideology −1.40 −1.43 to −1.37 <0.001
Protest type × Trump vote share 0.02 −0.04 to 0.08 0.467
Protest type × political ideology 0.00 −0.04 to 0.04 0.940
Trump vote share × political ideology −0.05 −0.08 to −0.01 0.003
Protest type × Trump vote share × political ideology 0.11 0.07 to 0.15 <0.001
Random effects
 σ2 2.40
T 00 countyfips 0.02
 ICC 0.01
Ncountyfips 1,325
 Observations 38,520
 Marginal R2/conditional R2 0.456/0.462

Bold effects indicate statistical significance at P < .05