Table 1.
Summary of major systematic reviews and original studies reporting a cancer risk associated with diabetes mellitus
| Study | Diabetes mellitus type | Study type included (n) | Outcome | Risk associated with diabetes mellitus (95% confidence interval) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wang et al.a (2012)24 | All | Cohort (3,626,368b) | Hepatocellular carcinoma | RR 2.01 (1.61–2.51) |
| El-Serag et al.a (2006)25 | All | Cohort, cross-sectional (2,938,889b) | Hepatocellular carcinoma | RR 2.5 (cohort studies) (1.9–3.2) and OR 2.5 (case–control) (1.8–3.5) |
| Huxley et al.a (2005)27 | T2DM | Cohort, cross-sectional (9,220) | Pancreatic cancer | OR 1.82 (1.66–1.89) |
| 1–4 years duration | OR 2.05 (1.87–2.25) | |||
| 5–9 years duration | OR 1.54 (1.31–1.81) | |||
| ≥10 years duration | OR 1.51 (1.16–1.96) | |||
| Carstensen et al.c (2016)30 | T1DM | Cohort (9,149) | Pancreatic cancer | HR 1.53 (males) (1.30–1.79) and HR 1.25 (females) (1.02–1.53) |
| Jiang et al.a (2011)31 | All | Cohort (8,244,732b) | Colorectal cancer | RR 1.27 (1.21–1.34) |
| Deng et al.a (2012)33 | All | Cohort, cross-sectional (3,659,341) | Colorectal cancer | RR 1.26 (1.20–1.31) |
| De Bruijn et al.a (2013)32 | All | Cohort, randomized controlled trials (1,930,309) | Colorectal cancer | HR 1.26 (1.14–1.40) |
| Breast cancer | HR 1.23 (1.12–1.34) | |||
| Liao et al.a (2014)34 | All | Cohort (5,302,259) | Endometrial cancer | RR 1.89 (1.46–2.45) |
| Endometrial cancer disease-specific mortality | RR 1.32 (1.10–1.60) | |||
| Saed et al.a (2019)35 | All | Cohort, cross-sectional (459,167b) | Endometrial cancer | RR 1.72 (1.48–2.01) |
| Friberg et al.a (2007)36 | All | Cohort, cross-sectional (96,003) | Endometrial cancer | RR 2.10 (1.75–2.53) |
| T1DM | RR 3.15 (1.07–9.29) | |||
| Larsson et al.a (2007)38 | T2DM | Cohort, cross-sectional (1,430,122b) | Breast cancer | RR 1.20 (1.12–1.28) |
| Anothaisintawee et al.a (2013)37 | All | Cohort, cross-sectional (1,090,503b) | Breast cancer | OR 1.14 (1.09–1.19) |
| Boyle et al.a (2012)39 | All | Cohort, cross-sectional (21,029b) | Breast cancer (postmenopausal) | RR 1.15 (1.07–1.24) |
| Zhang et al.a (2017)43 | All | Cohort (2,392,245b) | Ovarian cancer | RR 1.32 (1.14–1.52) |
| Weng et al.a (2017)44 | All | Cohort (3,708,313) | Ovarian cancer | RR 1.19 (1.06–1.34) |
| Wang et al.a (2020)45 | All | Cohort, cross-sectional (6,036,434b) | Ovarian cancer | RR 1.20 (1.10–1.31) |
| Lee et al.a (2013)46 | All | Cohort, cross-sectional (1,707,359b) | Ovarian cancer | RR 1.17 (1.02–1.33) |
| Bonovas et al.a (2004)47 | All | Cohort, cross-sectional (890,678b) | Prostate cancer | RR 0.91 (0.86–0.96) |
| Long et al.a (2012)49 | All (Asia only) | Cohort, cross-sectional (1,751,274) | Prostate cancer | RR 1.31 (1.12–1.54) |
HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio; RR, relative risk; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus. aSystematic review. bTotal number of participants obtained through sum of individual study cohort sizes listed in tables or otherwise. cOriginal study.