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. 2022 May 23;13:906502. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.906502

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Copyright © 2022 Jiang, Cao, Zhang, Zheng, Li and Wu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Computational domain and mesh of case 2, with local grid at the aortic outlet showing five boundary layers. The fistula region is indicated by blue part.