Table 3.
Catheterization complications and findings by World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension group
| WSPH Groups 1 and 3 (N = 671) | WSPH Group 1 (n = 454) | WSPH Group 3 (n = 217) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at catheterization, yr | n = 671 | n = 454 | n = 217 | — |
| Median (IQR) | 1.69 (0.43–6.75) | 3.18 (0.69–8.41) | 0.61 (0.30–2.21) | <0.001 |
| Complications | n = 653 | n = 438 | n = 215 | — |
| Arrhythmia requiring treatment | 18 (2.8) | 10 (2.3) | 8 (3.7) | 0.292 |
| CPR | 5 (0.8) | 3 (0.7) | 2 (0.9) | 0.735 |
| Unplanned admission | 13 (2.0) | 11 (2.5) | 2 (0.9) | 0.174 |
| Unplanned intubation | 3 (0.5) | 2 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 0.988 |
| Death | 0 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
| Combined: any complication | 34 (5.2) | 22 (5.0) | 12 (5.6) | 0.763 |
| Hemodynamics | — | — | — | — |
| Heart rate, beats/min | n = 450 | n = 312 | n = 138 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 112 ± 29 | 106 ± 28 | 126 ± 27 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | n = 548 | n = 367 | n = 181 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 12.3 ± 2.2 | 12.6 ± 2.2 | 11.7 ± 2.0 | <0.001 |
| Mean RAP, mm Hg | n = 590 | n = 406 | n = 184 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 7.0 ± 3.2 | 7.1 ± 3.3 | 6.7 ± 2.9 | 0.075 |
| Mean LAP, mm Hg | n = 141 | n = 82 | n = 59 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 8.6 ± 4.3 | 8.8 ± 4.7 | 8.4 ± 3.7 | 0.538 |
| PCWP, mm Hg | n = 516 | n = 359 | n = 157 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 9.3 ± 3.6 | 9.3 ± 3.5 | 9.4 ± 3.9 | 0.865 |
| LVEDP, mm Hg | n = 187 | n = 132 | n = 55 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 10.0 ± 3.8 | 9.7 ± 4.0 | 10.8 ± 3.0 | 0.053 |
| PA pressure systolic, mm Hg | n = 616 | n = 421 | n = 195 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 63.5 ± 26.0 | 68.3 ± 27.0 | 53.1 ± 20.0 | <0.001 |
| PA pressure diastolic, mm Hg | n = 618 | n = 423 | n = 195 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 29.0 ± 16.2 | 31.4 ± 17.2 | 23.9 ± 12.4 | <0.001 |
| PAPm, mm Hg | n = 634 | n = 437 | n = 197 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 43.6 ± 19.5 | 46.6 ± 20.4 | 37.1 ± 15.5 | <0.001 |
| RV systolic pressure, mm Hg | n = 359 | n = 228 | n = 131 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 65.8 ± 24.5 | 72.4 ± 25.3 | 54.2 ± 18.0 | <0.001 |
| RVEDP, mm Hg | n = 339 | n = 218 | n = 121 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 9.4 ± 4.1 | 9.6 ± 4.2 | 9.2 ± 4.0 | 0.397 |
| Systemic arterial systolic pressure, mm Hg | n = 480 | n = 334 | n = 146 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 81.1 ± 17.5 | 83.6 ± 18.1 | 75.5 ± 14.8 | <0.001 |
| Systemic arterial diastolic pressure, mm Hg | n = 480 | n = 334 | n = 146 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 46.2 ± 12.3 | 48.0 ± 12.8 | 42.2 ± 10.1 | <0.001 |
| SAPm, mm Hg | n = 484 | n = 337 | n = 147 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 60.4 ± 13.7 | 62.3 ± 14.1 | 55.9 ± 11.5 | <0.001 |
| PVRi, Wood units | n = 570 | n = 388 | n = 182 | — |
| Median (IQR) | 7.3 (4.6–13.6) | 9.0 (5.0–16.1) | 5.8 (4.3–8.3) | <0.001 |
| SVRi, Wood units | n = 503 | n = 342 | n = 161 | — |
| Median (IQR) | 15.2 (11.8–19.9) | 16.5 (12.0–21.6) | 14.0 (11.3–17.3) | <0.001 |
| Rp:Rs | n = 404 | n = 276 | n = 128 | — |
| Median (IQR) | 0.50 (0.30–0.85) | 0.58 (0.31–0.91) | 0.42 (0.27–0.63) | <0.001 |
| QPi, L/min/m2 | n = 363 | n = 247 | n = 116 | — |
| Median (IQR) | 3.8 (2.8–5.0) | 3.6 (2.6–5.0) | 4.0 (3.4–5.1) | 0.004 |
| QSi, L/min/m2 | n = 339 | n = 226 | n = 113 | — |
| Median (IQR) | 3.4 (2.7–4.2) | 3.2 (2.6–4.1) | 3.6 (3.0–4.3) | 0.005 |
| Qp:Qs | n = 431 | n = 296 | n = 135 | — |
| Median (IQR) | 1.00 (1.00–1.34) | 1.00 (1.00–1.33) | 1.00 (1.00–1.35) | 0.048 |
| Qp:Qs < 1.5 or unspecified (no shunt) | n = 586 | n = 395 | n = 191 | — |
| Cardiac index,* L/min/m2 | n = 541 | n = 367 | n = 174 | — |
| Median (IQR) | 3.40 (2.70–4.20) | 3.30 (2.59–4.20) | 3.60 (3.00–4.20) | 0.006 |
| O2 consumption, ml/min/m2 | n = 438 | n = 295 | n = 143 | — |
| Median (IQR) | 150.0 (125.0–170) | 149.0 (124.7–169.0) | 157.0 (125.0–175.0) | 0.087 |
| PA saturation, % | n = 547 | n = 377 | n = 170 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 68.8 ± 10.8 | 69.1 ± 11.0 | 68.2 ± 10.4 | 0.348 |
| PA saturation, Po2, mm Hg | n = 14 | n = 8 | n = 6 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 46.0 ± 12.2 | 44.5 ± 14.6 | 48.0 ± 9.0 | 0.616 |
| PV saturation, % | n = 401 | n = 277 | n = 124 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 93.3 ± 7.3 | 93.8 ± 6.6 | 92.2 ± 8.7 | 0.065 |
| PV saturation, Po2, mm Hg | n = 18 | n = 10 | n = 8 | — |
| Median (IQR) | 120 (70–168) | 122.0 (89.0–293.0) | 114.0 (70.0–132.0) | 0.505 |
| Arterial saturation, % | n = 534 | n = 368 | n = 166 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 89.3 ± 10.3 | 89.4 ± 10.2 | 88.9 ± 10.5 | 0.563 |
| Arterial saturation, Po2, mm Hg | n = 100 | n = 60 | n = 40 | — |
| Median (IQR) | 71.0 (60.0–105.5) | 71.5 (60.5–96.0) | 69.0 (57.5–130.5) | 0.728 |
| Mixed venous saturation, % | n = 553 | n = 372 | n = 181 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 64.7 ± 10.6 | 64.6 ± 10.2 | 65.0 ± 11.6 | 0.697 |
| pH | n = 371 | n = 257 | n = 114 | |
| Mean ± SD | 7.4 ± 0.1 | 7.4 ± 0.1 | 7.4 ± 0.1 | 0.581 |
| Pco2, mm Hg | n = 371 | n = 256 | n = 115 | — |
| Mean ± SD | 42.5 ± 11.0 | 39.8 ± 8.3 | 48.6 ± 13.6 | <0.001 |
| Po2, mm Hg | n = 371 | n = 258 | n = 113 | — |
| Median (IQR) | 70 (57–93) | 72 (58–91) | 67 (56–96) | 0.746 |
| PVR/SVR | n = 495 | n = 336 | n = 159 | — |
| Median (IQR) | 0.51 (0.32–0.82) | 0.58 (0.33–0.90) | 0.41 (0.29–0.62) | <0.001 |
| PAPm/SAPm | n = 467 | n = 331 | n = 136 | — |
| Median (IQR) | 0.73 (0.50–0.96) | 0.79 (0.56–1.00) | 0.57 (0.46–0.85) | <0.001 |
Definition of abbreviations: CPR = cardiopulmonary resuscitation; IQR = interquartile range; LAP = left atrial pressure; LVEDP = left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; N/A = not applicable; PA = pulmonary arterial; PAPm = mean pulmonary arterial pressure; Pco2 = carbon dioxide partial pressure; PCWP = pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; Po2 = oxygen pressure; PV = pulmonary venous; PVR = pulmonary vascular resistance; PVRi = pulmonary vascular resistance index; QPi = pulmonary arterial flow index; Qp:Qs = pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio; QSi = systemic arterial flow index; RAP = right atrial pressure; Rp:Rs = pulmonary to systemic vascular resistance ratio; RV = right ventricular; RVEDP = right ventricular end-diastolic pressure; SAPm = mean systemic arterial pressure; SD = standard deviation; SVR = systemic vascular resistance; SVRi = systemic vascular resistance index; WSPH = World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension.
Data are from the baseline catheterization performed at the time of pulmonary hypertension diagnosis.
Cardiac index is based on thermodilution, or the Fick method if thermodilution value was not available, or QSi if the Fick value was not available.