Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by region
| Europe, Australia, and Israel (n = 2,954) | United States and Canada (n = 2,366) | Latin America (n = 463) | Asia (n = 816) | Overall (N = 6,599) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 51.8 (15.3) | 51.5 (14.2) | 40.9 (13.9) | 38.2 (13.4) | 49.2 (15.4) |
| Female sex | 2,209 (74.8) | 1,951 (82.5) | 395 (85.3) | 619 (75.9) | 5,174 (78.4) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 2,622 (88.8) | 1,642 (69.4) | 97 (21.0) | 27 (3.3) | 4,388 (66.5) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 22 (0.7) | 231 (9.8) | 3 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 256 (3.9) |
| Asian | 92 (3.1) | 67 (2.8) | 3 (0.6) | 789 (96.7) | 951 (14.4) |
| Hispanic | 110 (3.7) | 242 (10.2) | 341 (73.7) | 0 (0.0) | 693 (10.5) |
| Other | 10 (0.3) | 12 (0.5) | 19 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | 41 (0.6) |
| Unknown | 98 (3.3) | 172 (7.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 270 (4.1) |
| BMI, kg/m2 (n = 5,831) | 25.9 (22.7–30.1) | 28.1 (24.1–33.3) | 25.3 (22.3–28.4) | 21.8 (19.5–24.2) | 25.8 (22.3–30.3) |
| Obese (BMI ⩾ 30 kg/m2) | 700 (25.9) | 727 (39.4) | 68 (16.3) | 30 (3.8) | 1,525 (26.5) |
| PAH etiology | |||||
| Idiopathic | 1,863 (63.1) | 1,307 (55.3) | 300 (64.8) | 486 (59.6) | 3,956 (59.9) |
| Heritable/familial | 40 (1.4) | 15 (0.6) | 5 (1.1) | 9 (1.1) | 69 (1.0) |
| Drug and toxin induced | 47 (1.6) | 68 (2.9) | 4 (0.9) | 1 (0.1) | 120 (1.8) |
| Connective tissue disease | 759 (25.7) | 757 (32.0) | 94 (20.3) | 233 (28.6) | 1,843 (27.9) |
| Congenital heart disease | 199 (6.7) | 179 (7.6) | 54 (11.7) | 84 (10.3) | 516 (7.8) |
| HIV associated | 23 (0.8) | 33 (1.4) | 6 (1.3) | 1 (0.1) | 63 (1.0) |
| Portopulmonary | 9 (0.3) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.2) | 13 (0.2) |
| Other | 11 (0.3) | 2 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 13 (0.2) |
| 6MWD, m (n = 6,592) | 364 (295–415) | 357 (288–401) | 353 (285–410) | 375 (319–411) | 361 (295–410) |
| WHO FC | |||||
| I | 17 (0.6) | 11 (0.5) | 6 (1.3) | 15 (1.8) | 49 (0.7) |
| II | 856 (29.0) | 619 (26.2) | 291 (62.9) | 449 (55.0) | 2,215 (33.6) |
| III | 1,959 (66.4) | 1,665 (70.5) | 150 (32.4) | 348 (42.6) | 4,122 (62.5) |
| IV | 120 (4.1) | 67 (2.8) | 16 (3.5) | 4 (0.5) | 207 (3.1) |
| Mean right atrial pressure, mm Hg (n = 4,348) | 7.0 (5.0–11.0) | 8.0 (5.0–12.0) | 10.0 (6.0–13.0) | 7.0 (5.0–11.0) | 8.0 (5.0–11.0) |
| Mean pulmonary arterial pressure, mm Hg (n = 4,679) | 50.0 (40.0–60.0) | 50.0 (40.0–60.0) | 58.0 (47.0–66.0) | 54.0 (45.0–65.0) | 51.0 (41.7–61.0) |
| Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, mm Hg (n = 4,496) | 9.0 (6.0–12.0) | 9.0 (7.0–12.0) | 10.0 (8.0–12.0) | 9.0 (7.0–12.0) | 9.0 (7.0–12.0) |
| Cardiac output, L/min (n = 4,565) | 4.1 (3.4–5.0) | 4.2 (3.4–5.2) | 4.2 (3.2–5.1) | 3.7 (2.8–4.6) | 4.1 (3.3–5.0) |
| Cardiac index, L/min/m2 (n = 4,572) | 2.3 (1.9–2.8) | 2.3 (1.9–2.8) | 2.5 (2.0–3.1) | 2.3 (1.8–2.9) | 2.3 (1.9–2.8) |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance, dyne ⋅ s/cm5 (n = 4,545) | 778 (522–1,120) | 770 (518–1,088) | 904 (596–1,320) | 1,022 (686–1,488) | 818 (544–1,164) |
Definition of abbreviations: 6MWD = 6-minute walk distance; BMI = body mass index; FC = functional class; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; PAH = pulmonary arterial hypertension; WHO = World Health Organization.
Data are shown as n (%) or median (interquartile range).