Table 1.
Patient characteristics by GSAQ score tertiles
| GSAQ tertiles |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables, mean (SD) | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | p Value |
| N | 18 | 21 | 17 | |
| GER score range | 0–4 | 6–15 | 16–223 | |
| Female, n (%) | 4 (22) | 9 (43) | 9 (53) | 0.182 |
| Race, n (%) | 0.934 | |||
| White | 9 (50) | 10 (48) | 7 (41) | |
| Black | 9 (50) | 10 (48) | 9 (53) | |
| Other | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 1 (6) | |
| Hispanic/Latino, n (%) | 1 (6) | 2 (10) | 2 (12) | 0.857 |
| Gestational age at birth, weeks | 37.7 (4.2) | 38.8 (2.1) | 37.8 (4.0) | 0.903 |
| Age of asthma diagnosis, years | 4.8 (4.5) | 4.5 (3.7) | 4.5 (3.8) | 0.860 |
| BMI ≥95th percentile, n (%)* | 8 (44) | 14 (67) | 13 (76) | <0.05 |
| Anthropometric measures† | ||||
| BMI percentile | 70.2 (24.0) | 79.3 (24.0) | 86.9 (20.2) | 0.036 |
| Waist circumference in cm | 72.9 (18.5) | 75.4 (15.5) | 86.3 (16.4) | 0.028 |
| Waist-to-height ratio | 0.46 (0.12) | 0.49 (0.08) | 0.55 (0.11) | 0.027 |
| Abdomen-to-height ratio | 0.48 (0.11) | 0.51 (0.09) | 0.57 (0.11) | 0.012 |
| Environment | ||||
| ETS quantitative, median (IQR)‡ | 1 (1, 1) | 1 (1, 2) | 2 (1, 4) | 0.016 |
| What triggers asthma? n (%) | ||||
| Tobacco smoke | 9 (50) | 9 (43) | 13 (76) | 0.122 |
| Allergen | 11 (61) | 16 (76) | 10 (59) | 0.904 |
| Viruses (colds) | 8 (44) | 14 (67) | 14 (82) | 0.019 |
| Co-morbidities | ||||
| GORD | 2 (11) | 8 (38) | 6 (35) | 0.109 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 15 (83) | 19 (90) | 16 (94) | 0.301 |
| Depression/anxiety | 3 (17) | 3 (14) | 4 (24) | 0.044 |
| Family history* | ||||
| Obesity | 9 (50) | 16 (76) | 16 (94) | 0.003 |
| Diabetes | 0 (0) | 6 (28) | 5 (29) | 0.027 |
| Asthma | 8 (44) | 12 (57) | 14 (82) | 0.022 |
| Controller treatments, n (%) | ||||
| ICS-LABA | 8 (44) | 10 (48) | 9 (53) | 0.944 |
| LTRA | 8 (44) | 10 (48) | 5 (29) | |
| Usage for asthma | ||||
| Urgent care visits in past year | 1.5 (1.54) | 1.1 (1.5) | 1.8 (2.1) | 0.591 |
| Steroid bursts in past year | 0.83 (0.98) | 0.86 (1.2) | 1.2 (1.9) | 0.391 |
Values are means (SD) unless noted.
*
Cochran–Armitage Trend test for categorical variables.
†
Analysis of variance test for linear trend used for continuous variables.
‡
Kruskal–Wallis test.
BMI, body mass index; ETS, environmental tobacco smoke; GORD, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; GSAQ, GERD Symptoms Assessment Questionnaire; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; LABA, long-acting β-agonists; LTRA, leukotriene receptor antagonist.
Bolded figures represent statistical significance at the level of p<0.05.