Summary of findings 3. Summary of findings for education compared to control.
| Health education compared with usual care for preventing falls in people with Parkinson's disease | ||||||
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Patient or population: People with Parkinson's disease Settings: Any Intervention: Education about falls prevention Comparison: Usual care | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No of Participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| Usual care | Health education | |||||
| Rate of falls (falls per person‐year) | No data reported for this outcome | |||||
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Number of people who experienced one or more falls Follow‐up: 12 months |
All exercise trials population* | Risk ratio 10.89 (1.26 to 94.03) | 53 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ very lowa | The evidence is of very low certainty, hence we are uncertain of the finding that health education increases the number of people who experience one or more falls. | |
| 634 fallers per 1000 people | 6,911 per 1000 (824 to 59,596) | |||||
| Number of people sustaining one or more fall‐related fractures | No data reported for this outcome | |||||
| Quality of life | No data reported for this outcome | |||||
| Adverse events | No data reported for this outcome | |||||
| Economic outcomes | No data reported for this outcome | |||||
| *The assumed risk is the median control group risk across exercise versus control studies, as there were no data to calculate the illustrative risk in the health education trial. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RCT: randomised controlled trial | ||||||
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GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate; the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited; the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate; the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. | ||||||
aDowngraded three levels due to risk of bias (single study with high risk of bias for method of ascertaining falls (recall bias) and unclear risk for allocation concealment, performance bias, detection bias, attrition bias and reporting bias). Also downgraded for imprecision due to the relatively small sample size and very wide confidence interval.