Fig. 4.

(A) Map of the study area at the Penobscot Experimental Forest (44°51′N, 68°37′W) in Maine. (B) Small mammal trapping was performed at six separate trapping grids, and nine seed experiment sites were spaced evenly throughout each grid. (C) Experiment sites contained a set of paired stations monitored by trail cameras. (D) At each station, seed trays were surrounded by antennas attached to permanent radio frequency identification readers to scan and identify tagged individuals. (E) Fluorescent tracking powder allowed cached seeds to be recovered. (F and G) Uniquely marked seeds allowed caches to be attributed to individual dispersers.