TABLE 5.
Quality of life.
| Variable | Group | Baseline | 12 weeks | Within group | Active vs. placebo between groups | ||||
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| N | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean change ± SD | Mean diff ± SE | p-value | ||||
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| (a) All (n = 53) | Does hay fever influence … | ||||||||
| Recreational activities/sports | Active | 29 | 2.2 ± 1.4 | 1.4 ± 1.4 | −0.9 ± 1.6 | −0.4 ± 0.5 | ns | ||
| Placebo | 24 | 2.1 ± 1.5 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | −0.5 ± 1.7 | |||||
| Gardening | Active | 29 | 2.2 ± 1.6 | 1.3 ± 1.4 | −0.9 ± 1.7 | −0.3 ± 0.5 | ns | ||
| Placebo | 24 | 2.0 ± 1 3 | 1.4 ± 1.3 | −0.6 ± 1.6 | |||||
| Sleep | Active | 29 | 2.2 ± 1.7 | 1.3 ± 1.2 | −1.0 ± 1.3 | −0.6 ± 0.4 | ns | ||
| Placebo | 24 | 2.0 ± 1.6 | 1.6 ± 2.0 | −0.3 ± 1.9 | |||||
| Do you feel… | |||||||||
| Tired | Active | 29 | 2.3 ± 1.7 | 1.3 ± 1.1 | −1.1 ± 1.3 | −0.6 ± 0.4 | 0.06 | ||
| Placebo | 24 | 2.2 ± 2.1 | 1.7 ± 2.0 | −0.5 ± 1.5 | |||||
| Thirsty | Active | 29 | 1.5 ± 1.6 | 0.8 ± 1.1 | –0.7 ± 1.2 | −0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.06 | ||
| Placebo | 24 | 1.1 ± 1.3 | 1.2 ± 1.8 | 0.2 ± 1.8 | |||||
| Irritable | Active | 29 | 2.0 ± 1.8 | 0.8 ± 0.9 | −1.3 ± 1.6 | −0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.07 | ||
| Placebo | 24 | 1.7 ± 1.6 | 1.2 ± 1.4 | −0.5 ± 1.7 | |||||
| Headache | Active | 29 | 1.6 ± 1.8 | 0.9 ± 1.4 | −0.7 ± 1.7 | −0.3 ± 0.4 | ns | ||
| Placebo | 24 | 1.6 ± 1.9 | 1.2 ± 1.6 | −0.4 ± 1.5 | |||||
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| Does hay fever influence … | |||||||||
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| (b) Subgroup (n = 34) | Recreational activities/sports | Active | 19 | 2.2 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 1.2 | −0.8 ± 1.2 | −0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.05 | |
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| Placebo | 15 | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 0.1 ± 1.3 | |||||
| Gardening | Active | 19 | 2.2 ± 1.4 | 1.3 ± 1.2 | −0.9 ± 1.5 | −0.9 ± 0.5 | 0.07 | ||
| Placebo | 15 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 1.3 | −0.1 ± 1.3 | |||||
| Sleep | Active | 19 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 1.3 ± 1.0 | −1.3 ± 1.2 | −1.6 ± 0.5 | 0.005 | ||
| Placebo | 15 | 1.5 ± 1.1 | 1.9 ± 2.1 | 0.3 ± 1.9 | |||||
| Do you feel… | |||||||||
| Tired | Active | 19 | 2.7 ± 1.9 | 1.6 ± 1.2 | −1.2 ± 1.4 | −1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.004 | ||
| Placebo | 15 | 1.9 ± 2.0 | 1.9 ± 2.1 | 0.1 ± 1.0 | |||||
| Thirsty | Active | 19 | 1.8 ± 1.7 | 1.0 ± 1.2 | −0.8 ± 1.2 | –1.5 ± 0.5 | 0.007 | ||
| Placebo | 15 | 1.0 ± 1.3 | 1.7 ± 2.1 | 0.7 ± 1.9 | |||||
| Irritable | Active | 19 | 2.3 ± 1.9 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | −0.5 ± 1.6 | −1.5 ± 0.5 | 0.007 | ||
| Placebo | 15 | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 1.3 ± 1.4 | 0 ± 1.4 | |||||
| Headache | Active | 19 | 1.9 ± 1.8 | 1.0 ± 1.3 | −1.0 ± 2.0 | −1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.07 | ||
| Placebo | 15 | 1.2 ± 1.6 | 1.3 ± 1.6 | 0.1 ± 1.3 | |||||
This table summarizes the variables in the Quality of Life Questionnaire (Supplementary Appendix 1) not covered in the Total Nasal and Eye Symptom Questionnaire (Supplementary Appendix 2).
(a) All available data with baseline peak 1 (12 October 2020) and end of study peak 10 (25 December 2020) adjusted for intention-to-treat analysis.
(b) Subgroup of participants who received full 10–12 week intervention and provided baseline data before peak 3 (9 November 2020).
N, number; SD, standard deviation; ns, not significant.