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. 2022 Apr 4;119(16):e2118853119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2118853119

Table 5.

Share of women, Europe vs. United States (main dataset)

Level Europe, % Positions Women United States, % Positions Women
Senior level 27.27 7,261 1,980 20.29 4,130 838
Entry level 38.46 3,864 1,486 32.09 2,739 879
Research fellow 30.92 3,053 944 21.66 2,202 477
Research associate 37.21 4,037 1,502 34.78 2,194 763
Total 32.46 18,215 5,912 26.25 11,265 2,957

Main dataset refers to 238 universities and business schools globally. Out of these institutions, there are 122 in Europe and 82 in the United States. Senior level refers to full professors and associate professors; entry level refers to assistant professors and lecturers.