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. 2022 May 23;13:886344. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.886344

Table 3.

Impact of COVID-19 on stress level by gender, race/ethnicity, and year of study.

No change/neutral Increased stress
response/ reduced stress
n % n %
Gender
Female 118 17.8 544 82.2
Male 47 33.3 94 66.7
Nonbinary 0 0 40 100
Race/ethnicity
White or Caucasian 104 18.6 456 81.4
Black or African American 16 24.2 50 75.8
East Asian 20 25.6 58 74.4
Hispanic, Latino, or of Spanish origin 14 18.9 60 81.1
Middle Eastern, Native American, Alaskan Native, South Asian, other, or prefer not to answer 11 16.9 54 83.1
Year of study
1 38 28.4 96 71.6
2 43 18.5 190 81.5
3 39 15.5 212 84.5
4 45 20 180 80