Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Study treatment | Year | Randomization period | Patients | Median follow-up [years] | Age [years] | Women (%) | Diabetes duration [years] | HbA1c [%] | ASCVD [%] | Heart failure [%] | eGFR [mL/min/1.73 m2] | eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLP-1 agonists | |||||||||||||
| ELIXA | Lixisenatide (up to 20 μg sc daily) | 2015 | 2010–2013 | 3034/3034 | 2.1 | 60/61 | 30/31 | 9.3 / 9.5 | 7.7/7.6 | 100/100 | 23/22 | 77/75 | 22/25 |
| LEADER | Liraglutide (up to 1.8 mg sc daily) | 2016 | 2010–2012 | 4668/4672 | 3.5 | 64/64 | 35/36 | 13/13 | 8.7/8.7 | 82/81 | 18/18 | – | 24/22 |
| SUSTAIN-6 | Semaglutide (0.5 mg/1.0 mg sc weekly) | 2016 | 2013 | 1648/1649 | 2.1 | 65/65 | 39/40 | 14/14 | 8.7/8.7 | 60/61 | 23/24 | – | 28/29 |
| EXSCEL | Extended–release exenatide (2 mg sc weekly) | 2017 | 2010–2015 | 7356/7396 | 3.2 | 62/62 | 38/38 | 12/12 | 8.0/0.0 | 73/73 | 16/17 | 77/76 | 21/22 |
| Harmony Outcomes | Albiglutide (30–50 mg sc weekly) | 2018 | 2015–2016 | 4731/4732 | 1.6 | 64/64 | 30/31 | 14/14 | 8.8/8.7 | – | 20/20 | 79/79 | 11/11 |
| REWIND | Dulaglutide (1.5 mg sc weekly) | 2019 | 2011–2013 | 4949/4952 | 5.4 | 66/66 | 47/46 | 11/11 | 7.3/7.4 | 32/31 | 9/9 | 75/75 | 22/23 |
| PIONEER 6 | Semaglutide (14 mg po daily) | 2019 | 2017 | 1591/1592 | 1.3 | 66/66 | 32/31 | 15/15 | 8.2/8.2 | 85/85 | 12/13 | 74/74 | 27/27 |
| SGLT-2 inhibitors | |||||||||||||
| EMPA-REG OUTCOME | Empagliflozin (10 mg/25 mg po daily) | 2015 | 2010–2013 | 4687/2333 | 3.1 | 63/63 | 29/28 | – | 8.1/8.1 | 100/100 | 10/11 | 74/74 | 26/26 |
| CANVAS Program | Canagliflozin (100–300 mg po daily) | 2017 | 2009–2017 | 5795/4347 | 2.4 | 63/63 | 35/37 | 14/14 | 8.2/8.2 | 71/74 | 14/15 | 77/76 | – |
| DECLARE-TIMI 58 | Dapagliflozin (10 mg po daily) | 2018 | 2013–2015 | 8582/8578 | 4.2 | 64/64 | 37/38 | 11/10 | 8.3/8.3 | 41/41 | 10/10 | 85/85 | 7/8 |
| CREDENCE | Canagliflozin (100 mg po daily) | 2019 | 2014–2017 | 2202/2199 | 2.6 | 63/63 | 35/33 | 16/16 | 8.3/8.3 | 51/50 | 15/15 | 56/56 | 59/59 |
Data are presented as second line agents/control. HbA1c — glycated hemoglobin; ASCVD — atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; eGFR — estimated glomerular filtration rate; GLP-1 — glucagon-like peptide 1; ELIXA — evaluation of lixisenatide in acute coronary syndrome; LEADER — liraglutide effect and action in diabetes: evaluation of cardiovascular outcome results; SUSTAIN-6 — trial to evaluate cardiovascular and other long-term outcomes with semaglutide in subjects with type 2 diabetes; EXSCEL — exenatide study of cardiovascular event lowering study group; REWIND — researching cardiovascular events with a weekly incretin in diabetes; SGLT-2 — sodium glucose cotransporter 2; CANVAS — canagliflozin cardiovascular assessment study; DECLARE-TIMI 58 — dapagliflozin effect on cardiovascular events–thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 58; CREDENCE — canagliflozin and renal events in diabetes with established nephropathy clinical evaluation