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. 2022 Mar 4;9(6):nwac041. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwac041

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of China Science Publishing & Media Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 6. — Desalination performance and outdoor application. (a) The measured salinities (the weight percentage of all ions) of the four simulated seawater samples before and after desalination. The dashed lines refer to the drinking water standards of the WHO and EPA. (b) The measured concentrations of four different ions (Na⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, K⁺) of 21-HEA-NPs in saline water (3.5 wt%) before and after desalination. (c) Solar flux (dots) and freshwater yield per hour (bars) on a typical sunny day (28 August 2021, Shenyang). (d) Comparison of the photothermal evaporation rate of HEA-NPs and previously reported photothermal conversion materials. (e) Long-term stability test (100 h) of 21-HEA-NPs in 10 wt% saline water under 1 sun irradiation.