TABLE 3.
Association of UPFs (percentage of total food weight in g/d) with all-cause mortality in 632 renal transplant recipients1
| Continuous (2log)2 | Sex-specific tertiles | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | |||||
| All-cause mortality | HR (95% CI) | P value | Reference | HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value |
| Events, n | 129 | 40 | 44 | 45 | |||
| Model 1 | 1.81 (1.30, 2.52) | <0.001 | 1.00 | 1.38 (0.90, 2.13) | 0.14 | 2.08 (1.34, 3.21) | 0.001 |
| Model 2 | 2.08 (1.45, 2.98) | <0.001 | 1.00 | 1.24 (0.80, 1.94) | 0.34 | 2.49 (1.58, 3.95) | <0.001 |
| Model 3 | 2.13 (1.46, 3.10) | <0.001 | 1.00 | 1.33 (0.83, 2.13) | 0.24 | 2.58 (1.60, 4.16) | <0.001 |
| Model 4 | 2.13 (1.46, 3.11) | <0.001 | 1.00 | 1.31 (0.81, 2.10) | 0.27 | 2.60 (1.61, 4.21) | <0.001 |
| Model 5 | 2.06 (1.42, 2.97) | <0.001 | 1.00 | 1.32 (0.82, 2.14) | 0.25 | 2.68 (1.65, 4.36) | <0.001 |
| Model 6a | 2.12 (1.43, 3.12) | <0.001 | 1.00 | 1.32 (0.81, 2.13) | 0.26 | 2.54 (1.55, 4.17) | <0.001 |
| Model 6b | 2.00 (1.34, 2.99) | 0.001 | 1.00 | 1.27 (0.78, 2.05) | 0.33 | 2.35 (1.40, 3.93) | 0.001 |
Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to assess the association of UPFs with all-cause mortality. T, tertile; UPF, ultra-processed food.
HR for doubling in the weight proportion of UPF intake (percentage of total food weight in g/d). Model 1, adjustment for age and sex; model 2, model 1 + adjustment for time between transplantation and baseline, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urinary protein excretion, primary renal disease, and donor age; model 3, model 2 + adjustment for total energy intake, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and physical activity; model 4, model 3 + adjustment for use of calcineurin inhibitors, antihypertensive drugs, and statins; model 5, model 3 + adjustment for 24-h urinary creatinine excretion and BMI; model 6a, model 3 + adjustment for Mediterranean Diet Score; model 6b, model 3 + adjustment for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score.