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. 2022 Jun 6;13:3124. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30875-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Forest plots of lipid-coronary artery disease; circles represent effect sizes and horizontal bars represent ±standard errors. a Phenotypic associations (logistic regression; two-sided) between lipid species and incident coronary artery disease in the BHS cohort (551 cases and 3703 controls), adjusted for age, sex, and the first 10 genomic principal components. b Association of lipid species with polygenic risk for coronary artery disease. Individuals in the discovery cohort (n = 4492) were assessed for risk using the metaGRS polygenic score, consisting of ∼1.7 million genetic variants. Linear regressions (two-sided) were performed to test the association between an individual’s polygenic score and lipid species concentrations, adjusting for age, sex, and the 10 first principal components. c Genetic correlations of lipid species (n = 4492) against coronary artery disease (meta-analysis of CARDIoGRAMplusC4D and UK Biobank; 122,733 cases and 424,528 controls), performed with Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC; v1.0.1). Nominally significant and Benjamini–Hochberg corrected significance is indicated by light- and dark-grey circles, respectively. The 10 most significant lipid species are highlighted in blue, red, or green.