Table 3.

Results on clinical balance tests of the included participants ^{a, b}.

	Mean ±SD			Statistical analyses ( p -values)
Measurement tool (unit)	Chronic dizziness		Healthy (n = 69)	3-group comparison	With PPPD vs. without PPPD	With PPPD vs. healthy	Without PPPD vs. healthy
	With PPPD (n = 38)	Without PPPD (n = 21)
Static balance test (0–120 s)	64.22 ± 33.07	70.32 ± 27.09	93.30 ± 22.49	<0.001 †**	0.680¶	<0.001 ¶***	0.002 ¶*
Timed Up and Go test (s)	8.07 ± 2.70	7.78 ± 2.57	6.34 ± 1.13	<0.001 †**	0.846¶	<0.001 ¶***	0.012 ¶*
Tandem gait (# steps)	13.47 ± 7.95	13.95 ± 8.23	18.84 ± 3.60	<0.001 †**	0.954¶	<0.001 ¶***	0.004 ¶*
FGA (0–30)	23.24 ± 4.38	23.81 ± 5.17	28.25± 1.82	<0.001 †**	0.813¶	<0.001 ¶***	<0.001 ¶***

^aANOVA test (†), post-hoc analysis with Tukey correction (¶).

ANOVA Bonferroni cut-off: p < 0.006 (**); other tests: p < 0.05 (*) and p < 0.001 (***).

^b#, amount; FGA, Functional Gait Assessment; PPPD, persistent postural-perceptual dizziness; SD, standard deviation; TUG, Timed Up and Go test; vs, versus.