TABLE 2.

General pharmacotherapy, gene therapy, and cell therapy treatment strategies for SNHL.

Therapy	Types of SNHL targeted	Therapeutic cargoes	Common delivery vehicles	Common delivery routes
Pharmacotherapy administration of corticosteroids and otoprotectants	Non-genetic	Small molecule	Hydrogel nanocarriers adjuvants	Systemic, intra-tympanic, intracochlear, intralabyrinthine, cochlear implant, microfluidic device
Gene therapy
Transgene delivery introduce foreign genetic material to replenish wild-type copies of the deafness-causing gene	Genetic	DNA plasmid	Viral vectors	Intracochlear, intralabyrinthine
Gene silencing suppress the expression of the mutant allele at transcriptional or translational level	Genetic	DNA plasmid siRNA, miRNA	Viral vectors non-viral nanocarriers	Intracochlear, intralabyrinthine
Gene editing permanently edit the deafness-causing gene in host DNA genome	Genetic	DNA plasmid nucleotides, protein	Viral vectors non-viral nanocarriers	Intracochlear, intralabyrinthine
Gene delivery for cell regeneration induce hair cell or SGN regeneration from endogenous tissue	Non-genetic	DNA plasmid nucleotides, protein	Viral vectors non-viral nanocarriers	Intracochlear, intralabyrinthine
Cell therapy transplantation of exogenous cells to restore auditory function or manage AIED	Non-genetic	Cell	n/a	Systemic, intracochlear, intralabyrinthine