TABLE 2.
Therapy | Types of SNHL targeted | Therapeutic cargoes | Common delivery vehicles | Common delivery routes |
Pharmacotherapy administration of corticosteroids and otoprotectants |
Non-genetic | Small molecule | Hydrogel nanocarriers adjuvants |
Systemic, intra-tympanic, intracochlear, intralabyrinthine, cochlear implant, microfluidic device |
Gene therapy | ||||
Transgene delivery introduce foreign genetic material to replenish wild-type copies of the deafness-causing gene |
Genetic | DNA plasmid | Viral vectors | Intracochlear, intralabyrinthine |
Gene silencing suppress the expression of the mutant allele at transcriptional or translational level |
Genetic | DNA plasmid siRNA, miRNA |
Viral vectors non-viral nanocarriers |
Intracochlear, intralabyrinthine |
Gene editing permanently edit the deafness-causing gene in host DNA genome |
Genetic | DNA plasmid nucleotides, protein |
Viral vectors non-viral nanocarriers |
Intracochlear, intralabyrinthine |
Gene delivery for cell regeneration induce hair cell or SGN regeneration from endogenous tissue |
Non-genetic | DNA plasmid nucleotides, protein |
Viral vectors non-viral nanocarriers |
Intracochlear, intralabyrinthine |
Cell therapy transplantation of exogenous cells to restore auditory function or manage AIED |
Non-genetic | Cell | n/a | Systemic, intracochlear, intralabyrinthine |