Table 3. Impact of frailty on unscheduled rehospitalization and all-cause death as assessed by the Cox regression model.
| Frail
group |
Non-frail
group |
Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
| Frailty: HR (95% CI)
|
P value | Frailty: HR (95% CI)
|
P value | Other significant predictors, HR [95% CI], P-value, Harrell’s C-index [95% CI] | ||||
| CHF with EF < 50%: congestive heart failure with ejection fraction < 50%; CHF: congestive heart failure; EF: ejection fraction; HR: hazard ratio; Hgb: hemoglobin. | ||||||||
| All-cause Death | ||||||||
| Fried frailty scale
N = 68, n = 100 |
13 (19.1%) | 2 (2.0%) | 10.5 [2.4−46.8] | < 0.001 | 5.1 [1.1−23.8] | 0.037 | EF: 0.94 [0.90−0.98]; P = 0.009HgB: 0.67 [0.51−0.88]; P = 0.005Harrell’s C-index: 0.86 [0.80−0.92] | |
| FRAIL scale
N = 64, n = 104 |
13 (20.3%) | 2 (1.9%) | 12.0 [2.7−53.4] | < 0.001 | 5.7 [1.2−26.8] | 0.027 | EF: 0.94 [0.90; 0.99]; P = 0.013HgB: 0.68 [0.51−0.90]; P = 0.007Harrell’s C-index: 0.87 [0.81−0.92] | |
| Edmonton frail scale
N = 65, n = 103 |
12 (18.5%) | 3 (2.9%) | 7.1 [2.0−25.2] | < 0.001 | 3.7 [1.0−14.0] | 0.050 | EF: 0.94 [0.90−0.98], P = 0.004HgB: 0.67 [0.51−0.88], P = 0.005Harrell’s C-index: 0.87 [0.82−0.93] | |
| Clinical frailty scale
N = 59, n = 109 |
12 (20.3%) | 3 (2.75%) | 8.3 [2.4−29.6] | < 0.001 | 4.2 [1.1−15.9] | 0.033 | EF: 0.94 [0.90−0.98], P = 0.005HgB: 0.68 [0.51−0.90], P = 0.007Harrell’s C-index: 0.87 [0.82−0.93] | |
| Unscheduled rehospitalization | ||||||||
| Fried frailty scale
N = 64, n = 100 |
26 (40.6%) | 15 (15.0%) | 3.2 [1.7−6.0] | < 0.001 | - | - | Age: 1.07 [1.03−1.12], P < 0.001CHF with EF < 50%: 3.68 [1.73−7.82], P < 0.001Harrell’s C-index: 0.70 [0.62−0.79] | |
| FRAIL scale
N = 60, n = 104 |
25 (41.7%) | 16 (15.4%) | 3.4 [1.8−6.3] | < 0.001 | - | - | Age: 1.07 [1.03−1.12], P < 0.001CHF with EF < 50%: 3.7 [1.8−7.9], P < 0.001Harrell’s C-index: 0.70 [0.62−0.80] | |
| Edmonton Frail Scale
N = 61, n = 103 |
26 (41.6%) | 15 (14.6%) | 3.5 [1.8−6.6] | < 0.001 | 2.2 [1.10−4.5] | 0.031 | Age: 1.05 [1.01−1.09], P = 0.026CHF with EF < 50%: 3.3 [1.5−7.0], P = 0.002Harrell’s C-index: 0.74 [0.67−0.81] | |
| Clinical Frailty Scale
N = 55, n = 109 |
23 (41.8%) | 18 (16.5%) | 3.1 [1.7−5.8] | < 0.001 | - | - | Age: 1.07 [1.03−1.12], P < 0.001CHF with EF < 50%: 3.7 [1.7−7.9], P < 0.001Harrell’s C-index: 0.70 [0.62−0.79] | |